- ECHA
- Appoġġ
- Sostituzzjoni ta’ sustanzi kimiċi perikolużi
- Kif nagħmel dan?
- Evalwa, ikkumpara u agħżel
Evalwa, ikkumpara u agħżel
Evalwa, ikkumpara u agħżel
Ladarba jkollok lista qasira ta’ alternattivi miġbura, kompli billi tqabbel l-għażliet u ddeċiedi liema waħda tkun l-aktar promettenti għall-użu tiegħek. Se jkollok bżonn twettaq il-valutazzjonijiet li ġejjin:
- Valutazzjoni tal-perikli u tar-riskju.
- Valutazzjoni tal-prestazzjoni.
- Valutazzjoni tal-vijabbiltà ekonomika.
- Valutazzjoni ta’ impatti oħra.
Meta tqabbel, għandek tikkunsidra wkoll effetti iktar wiesa’ bħall-użu tal-enerġija u tar-riżorsi, l-iskart, ir-riċiklaġġ jew l-impatt soċjali.
Żomm f’moħħok li proġett ta’ sostituzzjoni huwa l-aħjar approċċ fi proċess gradwali u iterattiv. Għandek bżonn tagħti prijorità lil liema elementi se tivvaluta l-ewwel u f’liema livell ta’ dettall — billi tiddeċiedi dan bil-quddiem meta tistabbilixxi l-ambitu għall-proġett ta’ sostituzzjoni.
Wara l-ewwel analiżi ta’ livell għoli, mur lura għall-kriterji li jidhru li huma kruċjali għat-teħid ta’ deċiżjonijiet u wettaq analiżi aktar bir-reqqa.
Għal alternattivi kimiċi, kun żgur li tivvaluta r-riskji tagħhom (periklu u esponiment). Iċċekkja jekk humiex fuq lista għal eżami aktar mill-qrib tal-ECHA jew tal-Istati Membri tal-UE – dawn jistgħu jkunu soġġetti għal miżuri regolatorji futuri u ma tkunx trid tissostitwixxi b’sustanza li dalwaqt tista’ tiġi indikata bħala ta’ tħassib. Uża bażijiet tad-data tat-tossikoloġija u mudelli tal-esponiment differenti biex tkun żgur li jkollok l-istampa kollha.
Minbarra l-valutazzjoni tal-perikli u r-riskji assoċjati mal-użu ta’ sustanzi alternattivi, huwa importanti wkoll li tivvaluta l-prestazzjoni u l-vijabbiltà ekonomika. Tista’ tkun tixtieq tagħmel użu minn metodi tad-diżinn sperimentali, li jippermettulek tistudja diversi varjabbli fl-istess ħin. Fl-aħħar nett, b’perspettiva taċ-ċiklu tal-ħajja, jaf ikollok bżonn tikkunsidra kompromessi potenzjali bejn l-għażliet alternattivi differenti (eż. periklu meta mqabbel mal-emissjonijiet ta’ gassijiet serra).
- GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals: A comparative hazard assessment tool developed by Clean Production Action. It helps evaluate alternatives to chemicals of concern based on 18 hazard endpoints.
- The Quick Chemical Assessment Tool (QCAT): A simplified version of the GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals hazard assessment methodology, to allow SMEs to perform a quick alternatives assessment for chemicals of concern. QCAT also provides detailed information on where to find data and how to interpret the data needed to complete a hazard assessment using the tool.
- GHS Column Model: On the basis of just a small amount of information on the products in question, substitute substances can be assessed with the aid of this table.
- Pollution Prevention Options Analysis System (P2OASys): The tool was designed by the Toxic Use Reduction Institute of Massachusetts (TURI). It aims to help companies conduct a comparative analysis of the hazard profile of alternatives. It can be used to analyse technological processes, individual chemicals or chemical mixtures. The tool requires certain expertise which may render it unsuitable for SMEs.
- OECD Guidance on Key Considerations for the Identification and Selection of Safer Chemical Alternatives:
The guidance aims at helping in identifying the minimum requirements needed to determine whether a chemical alternative is safer. It also includes broader sustainability considerations, beyond chemical safety.
- Guide on sustainable chemicals – German Environment Agency: A decision tool for substance manufacturers, formulators and end users of chemicals.
- Sustainability method selection tool: Developed by RIVM, this tool helps you find the best method for answering your sustainability questions.
- PROBAS database: Database includes values for energy and water consumption per type of substance/product.
- Material Input per Service Unit (MIPS) calculation: Database includes values for energy and water consumption per type of substance/product.
- Best available techniques Reference document (BREFs): BREFs provide reference information for regulators to use when determining permit conditions
See also
- Substances of concern: Why and how to substitute? [PDF]
See chapter 2.3: How to assess, compare and select alternatives - Online training: Analysis of Alternatives