- ECHA
- Podpora
- Nadomestitev nevarnih kemikalij
- Kako naj jih nadomestimo?
- Ocenjevanje, primerjava in izbor
Ocenjevanje, primerjava in izbor
Ocenjevanje, primerjava in izbor
Najprej pripravite ožji seznam nadomestnih snovi, nato pa v nadaljevanju primerjajte možnosti in se odločite, katera bi bila najobetavnejša za vašo uporabo. Opraviti morate naslednje ocene:
- oceno nevarnosti in tveganja;
- oceno učinkovitosti;
- oceno ekonomske upravičenosti;
- oceno drugih vplivov.
Pri primerjavi morate upoštevati tudi širše učinke, kot so raba energije in virov, odpadki, recikliranje ali družbeni učinek.
Upoštevajte, da je projekt nadomestitve najbolje izvesti postopoma in s ponavljanjem. Pripraviti morate prednostni vrstni red elementov, ki jih boste najprej ocenili, in določiti stopnjo podrobnosti ocenjevanja. To določite vnaprej, in sicer pri določitvi obsega projekta nadomestitve.
Po izvedbi prvostopenjske analize se vrnite na merila, ki so ključna za odločanje, in opravite temeljitejšo analizo.
Zagotovite, da boste ocenili tveganja nadomestnih kemikalij (nevarnost in izpostavljenost). Preverite, ali so morda uvrščene na seznam snovi za podrobnejšo presojo, ki ga vodijo agencija ECHA ali države članice EU – morda bodo v prihodnje predmet regulativnih ukrepov –, saj vendar ne želite, da bi bila vaša nadomestna snov morda kmalu uvrščena med snovi, ki vzbujajo zaskrbljenost. Za zagotovitev celovitega pregleda uporabljajte različne toksikološke podatkovne zbirke in modele izpostavljenosti.
Poleg ocene nevarnosti in tveganj, povezanih z uporabo alternativnih snovi, je pomembno tudi, da ocenite učinkovitost in ekonomsko upravičenost. Morda boste želeli uporabiti metode načrtovanja preskusov, ki vam omogočajo sočasno študijo večjega števila spremenljivk. Nazadnje boste morda morali z vidika življenjskega cikla upoštevati tudi morebitne kompromise med različnimi alternativnimi možnostmi (npr. nevarnost v primerjavi z izpusti toplogrednih plinov).
- GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals: A comparative hazard assessment tool developed by Clean Production Action. It helps evaluate alternatives to chemicals of concern based on 18 hazard endpoints.
- The Quick Chemical Assessment Tool (QCAT): A simplified version of the GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals hazard assessment methodology, to allow SMEs to perform a quick alternatives assessment for chemicals of concern. QCAT also provides detailed information on where to find data and how to interpret the data needed to complete a hazard assessment using the tool.
- GHS Column Model: On the basis of just a small amount of information on the products in question, substitute substances can be assessed with the aid of this table.
- Pollution Prevention Options Analysis System (P2OASys): The tool was designed by the Toxic Use Reduction Institute of Massachusetts (TURI). It aims to help companies conduct a comparative analysis of the hazard profile of alternatives. It can be used to analyse technological processes, individual chemicals or chemical mixtures. The tool requires certain expertise which may render it unsuitable for SMEs.
- OECD Guidance on Key Considerations for the Identification and Selection of Safer Chemical Alternatives:
The guidance aims at helping in identifying the minimum requirements needed to determine whether a chemical alternative is safer. It also includes broader sustainability considerations, beyond chemical safety.
- Guide on sustainable chemicals – German Environment Agency: A decision tool for substance manufacturers, formulators and end users of chemicals.
- Sustainability method selection tool: Developed by RIVM, this tool helps you find the best method for answering your sustainability questions.
- PROBAS database: Database includes values for energy and water consumption per type of substance/product.
- Material Input per Service Unit (MIPS) calculation: Database includes values for energy and water consumption per type of substance/product.
- Best available techniques Reference document (BREFs): BREFs provide reference information for regulators to use when determining permit conditions
See also
- Substances of concern: Why and how to substitute? [PDF]
See chapter 2.3: How to assess, compare and select alternatives - Online training: Analysis of Alternatives