Procijenite, usporedite i odaberite
Procijenite, usporedite i odaberite
Nakon što suzite izbor alternativnih mogućnosti, usporedite ih i odlučite koja bi bila najprikladnija za upotrebu. Morat ćete provesti sljedeće procjene:
- procjenu opasnosti i rizika
- procjenu učinkovitosti
- procjenu ekonomske održivosti
- procjenu drugih učinaka.
Pri usporedbi je važno razmotriti i šire učinke kao što su upotreba energije i resursa, otpad, recikliranje ili društveni učinak.
Imajte na umu da je u okviru projekta zamjene najučinkovitija postupna i iterativna metoda. Morate odrediti koje ćete elemente najprije procijeniti i koliko detaljno. O tome odlučite unaprijed, pri određivanju opsega projekta zamjene.
Nakon prve analize na visokoj razini ponovno razmotrite kriterije koji vam se čine najvažnijima za donošenje odluke te provedite detaljniju analizu.
Kad je riječ o alternativnim kemikalijama, pobrinite se da procijenite njihove rizike (opasnost i izloženost). Provjerite jesu li na popisu za pobliže ispitivanje ECHA-e ili država članica EU-a. U tom slučaju mogu biti podložne budućim regulatornim mjerama, a nije vam u interesu zamijeniti tvar drugom tvari koja bi uskoro mogla biti označena kao zabrinjavajuća. Upotrebljavajte različite toksikološke baze podataka i modele izloženosti kako biste bili sigurni da ste dobili potpunu sliku.
Osim procjene opasnosti i rizika povezanih s upotrebom alternativnih tvari, važno je da procijenite njihovu učinkovitost i ekonomsku održivost. Možda ćete htjeti primijeniti metode eksperimentalnog dizajna koje vam omogućuju ispitivanje nekoliko varijabli istodobno. Na kraju, iz perspektive životnog ciklusa, možda ćete pri usporedbi različitih alternativnih rješenja morati dati prednost određenom svojstvu (npr. opasnost u odnosu na emisije stakleničkih plinova).
- GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals: A comparative hazard assessment tool developed by Clean Production Action. It helps evaluate alternatives to chemicals of concern based on 18 hazard endpoints.
- The Quick Chemical Assessment Tool (QCAT): A simplified version of the GreenScreen® for Safer Chemicals hazard assessment methodology, to allow SMEs to perform a quick alternatives assessment for chemicals of concern. QCAT also provides detailed information on where to find data and how to interpret the data needed to complete a hazard assessment using the tool.
- GHS Column Model: On the basis of just a small amount of information on the products in question, substitute substances can be assessed with the aid of this table.
- Pollution Prevention Options Analysis System (P2OASys): The tool was designed by the Toxic Use Reduction Institute of Massachusetts (TURI). It aims to help companies conduct a comparative analysis of the hazard profile of alternatives. It can be used to analyse technological processes, individual chemicals or chemical mixtures. The tool requires certain expertise which may render it unsuitable for SMEs.
- OECD Guidance on Key Considerations for the Identification and Selection of Safer Chemical Alternatives:
The guidance aims at helping in identifying the minimum requirements needed to determine whether a chemical alternative is safer. It also includes broader sustainability considerations, beyond chemical safety.
- Guide on sustainable chemicals – German Environment Agency: A decision tool for substance manufacturers, formulators and end users of chemicals.
- Sustainability method selection tool: Developed by RIVM, this tool helps you find the best method for answering your sustainability questions.
- PROBAS database: Database includes values for energy and water consumption per type of substance/product.
- Material Input per Service Unit (MIPS) calculation: Database includes values for energy and water consumption per type of substance/product.
- Best available techniques Reference document (BREFs): BREFs provide reference information for regulators to use when determining permit conditions
See also
- Substances of concern: Why and how to substitute? [PDF]
See chapter 2.3: How to assess, compare and select alternatives - Online training: Analysis of Alternatives