Disulfiram

Acute Toxicity: dermal

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP-guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

other company data

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1983

Report Date:

1983

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

1/ Clinical observation: On one day, observations were only recorded once, and on two other days, they were not recorded. 2/ Test conducted at 2000 mg/kg instead of 5000 mg/kg. Both protocol deviations were not considered to adversely affect study results

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Test material

Reference

Name:

Unnamed

Type:

Constituent

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): ETHYL THIURAD
- Physical state: off-white powder
- Purity: 98.6%
- Lot/batch No.: 5394

Test animals

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Isaacs’ Rabbitry, Litchfield, Illinois
- Age at study initiation: Young adult
- Weight at study initiation: 2.27-2.64 kilograms
- Housing: one per cage
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: at least five days

Administration / exposure

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Vehicle:

physiological saline

Details on dermal exposure:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: dorsal surface
- % coverage: 10-30% of total body surface
- Type of wrap if used: wrap of latex rubber


REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): the excess material was wiped from the animal
- Time after start of exposure: 24 hours

Duration of exposure:

24 hours

Doses:

2000 mg/kg

No. of animals per sex per dose:

one group of 5 males and 5 females

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Clinical observations were made three times during the first eight hours following test material administration and routinely twice daily (morning and afternoon) thereafter until sacrifice. On one day, observations were only recorded once, and on two other days, they were not recorded. These protocol deviations were not considered to adversely affect study results.
Body weights were recorded on days 0 (day of exposure), 7, and 14.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes

Results and discussion

Effect levels

Effect levels 1

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Effect levels 2

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Effect levels 3

Sex:

female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Clinical signs:

Erythema in the exposed area was observed in one female and two male animals on the day after dosing and in the same female rabbit on the following day. No other clinical abnormalities were observed.

Gross pathology:

At necropsy, one male and two female animals had off-white fibrous tissue in and/or a marbled appearance of all hepatic lobes. Two of these same animals had numerous hard, yellow foci on all lobes of the liver, and one also had an area of green, necrotic hepatic tissue. All three of these animals also had tapeworm cysts in the mesentery. Pale renal coloration was observed in each of two animals, one of which also had kidneys with pitted exteriors. No abnormalities were observed in the remaining five rabbits.