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EC number: 200-001-8 | CAS number: 50-00-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Occupational exposure to wood dust and formaldehyde and risk of nasal, nasopharyngeal, and lung cancer among Finnish men
- Author:
- Siew S.S., et al.
- Year:
- 2 012
- Bibliographic source:
- Cancer Management and Research 2012:4 223-232
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- cohort study (retrospective)
- Endpoint addressed:
- carcinogenicity
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A cohort of all Finnish men born between the years 1906 and 1945 and in employment during 1970 was followed up through the Finnish Cancer Registry for cases of cancers of the nose (n = 292), nasopharynx (n = 149), and lung (n = 30,137) during the period 1971- 1995. The subjects' occupations, as recorded in the population census in 1970, were converted to estimates of exposure to wood dust, formaldehyde, asbestos, and silica dust through the Finnish job-exposure matrix.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Formaldehyde
- EC Number:
- 200-001-8
- EC Name:
- Formaldehyde
- Cas Number:
- 50-00-0
- Molecular formula:
- C H2 O
- IUPAC Name:
- formaldehyde
- Test material form:
- other: no additional information
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Formaldehyde
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- The study cohort consisted of all 1.2 million economically active Finnish men born between 1906 and 1945 who participated in the national population census on December 31, 1970. Data on the occupations held for the Iongest time during 1970 were obtained from the census records. The incident cases of respiratory cancers diagnosed between 1971 and 1995 among Finnish men born between 1906 and 1945 were identified from the FCR for linkage with the population census data from 1970. Cancer patients who had no record in the census (2.2% or 676 cases) were excluded.
- Exposure assessment:
- estimated
- Details on exposure:
- The Finnish job-exposure matrix (FINJEM) was used to calculate occupational exposure estimates for the study cohort. The FlNJEM covers major occupational exposures in bnland since 1945, and it addresses exposure by occupation and calendar time.
The proportion of exposed persons and the mean level of exposure in each occupation were used to characterize exposure. The exposure estimates are based on exposure measurements, hazard surveys, and assessments by industrial hygienists of the Finnish Institute ofüccupational Health. Smoking data (percentage ofworkers who were daily smokers) by occupation are also included in the FlNJEM.
Exposure to fomaldehyde is defined as occupational inhalation exposure to formaldehyde as gas, mist, or dust or to formaldehyde on a dust carrier. Occupations with more than 5% of persons exposed to the individual agent at any time between 1945 and 1984 are considered as exposed occupations in the FINJEM. - Statistical methods:
- The expected numbers of cases for every occupation were calculated for each 5-year birth cohort and 5-year calendar period by multiplying the number of person-years in each stratum by the corresponding cancer incidence rate of the entire study cohort. The standardized incidence ratio (STR) was defined as the ratio of the observed to the expected number of cases. The 95 % confidence intervals for each SIR were estimated assuming that the observed number of cases followed the Poisson distribution.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- This study found no increase in portal-of-entry cancer at low FA concentrations in occupational settings.
Any other information on results incl. tables
- The risks of nasal cancers (1.1 (0.6–1.9), nasal squamous cell carcinoma (1.0 (0.4–2.0)) and nasopharyngeal cancer (0.9 (0.3–2.2)) were not increased. The risk was slightly increased for lung cancer (1.2 (1.1–1.3)). However, the risk in the highest exposure group (≥ 1 ppm) was not increased.
- The authors considered the increased risk to be due to residual confounding effects of smoking and co-exposures, including asbestos and crystalline silica.
- FA exposures were below 1 ppm in most occupations.
- Only floor layers, and varnishers and lacquers had average exposures at 1 ppm.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

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