Registration Dossier
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EC number: 284-366-9 | CAS number: 84852-53-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Mode of degradation in actual use
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- mode of degradation in actual use
- Remarks:
- This study was performed in response to the requirements of the substance evaluation under REACH
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- January 2017 to January 2018
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Remarks:
- There is no quidleine for such a question
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- - Principle of test:
- Short description of test conditions:
Typical molding temperatures are commonly between 203 and 230 deg. C. We chose for the recycling process simualtion a higher temperature of 240 to 250 deg.C to simulate worst case conditions. Higher temperatures are not used due to known decomposition of the polymer and the flame retardant which is unwanted and therfore not a use condition. For flame retarded HIPS as for other raisins 5 to 10% of the molded resin is typically recycled back as regrind in the same process. For the analysis we used a typical composition with 12% of EBP and 4% of antimony trioxide and 6 recycling cycles were performed.
The formation of possible degradation products was investigated after each cycle using HPLC/UV and HPLC/MS methods that were further developed for this purpose.
- Parameters analysed / observed:
For this study, the Albemarle PDC Analytical Research and Quality (PARQ) department developed HPLC/UV and HPLC/MS methods to determine potential degradants of EBP in HIPS/ATO/EBP formulations. These methods were developed to meet the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) guidelines for environmental exposure assessment, with detection limits of 0.1% relative to SAYTEX® 8010, equivalent to about 100 ppm in the HIPS/ATO/EBP formulation.
Albemarle previously developed analytical methodology to study the formation of EBP degradants in HIPS/ATO/EBP formulations during stability experiments in 2007-2010.1 The analytical methodology involved determination of the most likely degradants, nonabromodiphenylethanes (Br9’s), by HPLC/UV. The HPLC/UV methodology was developed to optimize resolution of the Br9’s from Br10. HPLC was preferred to GC for two main reasons. GC analysis would require difficult sample clean-up to separate the SAYTEX® 8010 species from the polystyrene sample matrix. Also, thermal degradation of SAYTEX® 8010 may occur during the GC analysis. Area% quantitation was used because pure Br9 standards were not available. The method involved complete dissolution of the SAYTEX® 8010 and polystyrene.
ECHA’s guidelines for environmental exposure assessment of EBP indicated the study should include a determination of potential transformation products that may form during high temperature processes such as plastic product manufacture. Potential degradants cited by ECHA include octabromodiphenylethane congeners, brominated toluenes, and brominated phenanthrenes.
We decided to continue HPLC/UV with the same sample dissolution procedure used in the earlier studies as a robust primary method to determine the potential degradants. The number of potential degradants is quite high and reference standards are not available for all compounds. Thus, we continued use of area% quantitation with a goal to determine degradants down to 0.1% relative to EBP. The original 2007 HPLC conditions, previously developed to separate Br9’s from Br10, were modified to allow separation of the additional potential degradants listed by ECHA.
An additional screening method was developed to determine brominated degradants by HPLC/MS using atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). Acetone is used as a mobile phase additive to enhance ionization in the negative mode. The MS technique involves detection of bromide (Br-) from fragmentation of brominated species with selected ion monitoring (SIM) to achieve the required sensitivity. This supplemental method is useful to determine possible brominated species in the presence of polystyrene oligomers or other non-brominated species that may interfere in the HPLC/UV analysis. - GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,1'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[pentabromobenzene]
- EC Number:
- 284-366-9
- EC Name:
- 1,1'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[pentabromobenzene]
- Cas Number:
- 84852-53-9
- Molecular formula:
- C14H4Br10
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-[2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl)ethyl]benzene
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Studies to mimic industrial recycling were conducted using flame-retarded high-impact polystyrene containing ethyelene-bis(pentabromophenyl) or EBP, and antimony trioxide (ATO) at 250 °C. The conditions chosen were reasoable worst case conditions for high temperature use processes , at temperatures at the high end of processing range and regrind content at the high end of recycle range. There was no observable degradation to octabrominated (or Br8) or other lower brominated species at the 100-200 ppm levels in the resin (or 1000 ppm relative to contained flame retardant). A small amount (ca. 0.2%) of reductive debromination to Br9, a common impurity in commercial EBP’s, was observed during the six molding cycles, similar to studies at lower temperatures.
- Executive summary:
Studies to mimic industrial recycling were conducted using flame-retarded high-impact polystyrene containing ethyelene-bis(pentabromophenyl) or EBP, and antimony trioxide (ATO) at 250 °C. The conditions chosen were reasoable worst case conditions for high temperature use processes , at temperatures at the high end of processing range and regrind content at the high end of recycle range. There was no observable degradation to octabrominated (or Br8) or other lower brominated species at the 100-200 ppm levels in the resin (or 1000 ppm relative to contained flame retardant). A small amount (ca. 0.2%) of reductive debromination to Br9, a common impurity in commercial EBP’s, was observed during the six molding cycles, similar to studies at lower temperatures.
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