Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 203-445-0 | CAS number: 106-94-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Specific investigations: other studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- cytotoxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- not reported
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study not conducted or similar to an OECD method, no information on GLP. Study does not cover any specific REACH endpoint.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- 1-BROMOALKANES AS NEW POTENT NONTOXIC GLUTATHIONE DEPLETORS IN ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES
- Author:
- Khan. S. and O'Brien. P.J.
- Year:
- 1 991
- Bibliographic source:
- BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, Vol. 179, No. 1, 1991, pp 436-441
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effect of 1-bromoalkanes on intracellular glutathione (GSH) was studied in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- in vitro
- Endpoint addressed:
- not applicable
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1-bromopropane
- EC Number:
- 203-445-0
- EC Name:
- 1-bromopropane
- Cas Number:
- 106-94-5
- Molecular formula:
- CH3CH2CH2Br
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-bromopropane
- Details on test material:
- Tests carried out on a variety of 1-bromoalkanes at the highest purity commercially available.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
Results and discussion
- Details on results:
- 1-Bromoalkanes at micromolar concentrations depleted intracellular GSH levels markedly after addition to isolated rat hepatocytes. The degree of GSH depletion increased with increasing chain length of bromoalkanes (C2-C7). Thus, 1-bromohexane and 1-bromoheptane at 100µM were the most effective at depleting intracellular GSH levels (83% and 87% respectively) in isolated hepatocytes after 30 minutes. In the absence of cytosolic GSH-S-transferases, GSH reacted much more slowly with bromoalkanes. This indicates that the substrate specificity for the GSH-S-transferases catalysing the GSH depletion is determined by the chain length and lipophilicity of the 1-bromoalkane.
Other 1-bromoalkanes were also compared for their effectiveness at inducing cytotoxicity towards isolated hepatocytes. Cytotoxicity increased with the chain length of 1-bromoalkanes with bromohexane being the most cytotoxic. Bromooctane and bromoheptane were much less cytotoxic. This presumably indicates that high concentrations of bromohexane can modify membrane macromolecules by direct alkylation or via peroxidation in the GSH depleted cell which results in cytotoxicity.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Intracellular GSH Depletion by 1-Bromoalkanes in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes
|
GSH content (nmol / 106cells) |
|||
1 min |
10 min |
30 min |
60 min |
|
Control |
63.2 ± 4.6 |
62.5 ± 5.1 |
63.1 ± 4.8 |
60.0± 4.8 |
1-bromopropane (100 µM) |
58.4 ± 4.1 |
52.3 ± 3.6 |
46.4 ± 3.2 |
40.8 ± 2.9 |
Diethyl malenate (350 µM) (positive control) |
50.8 ± 4.6 |
36.2 ± 4.2 |
21.8 ± 2.5 |
15.6 ± 1.4 |
The results show that 1 -bromopropane is adept at depleting GSH.
Table 2. 1-Bromoalkanes Induced Cytotoxicity Torwards Isolated Rat Hepatocytes
|
Trypan blue uptake (%) at time |
|||
0.5 h |
1.0 h |
2.0 h |
3.0 h |
|
Control |
17 ± 2 |
18 ± 1 |
20 ± 3 |
23 ± 2 |
1-bromopropane (5 mM) |
24 ± 3 |
29 ± 2 |
30 ± 3 |
36 ± 5 |
Diethyl malenate (0.7 mM) (positive control) |
35 ± 3 |
40 ± 3 |
43 ± 4 |
48 ± 4 |
Results are expressed as an average of three experiments ± SD.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, this study demonstrates that 1-bromoheptane is the most effective GSH-S-transferase substrate tested, the least cytotoxic and therefore can be used as a tool to modulate cellular GSH levels in isolated hepatocytes. It is also clear that GSH depleted cells have adequate antioxidant and enzymic systems to counteract physiological oxidative stress. The cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation following GSH depletion by the GSH-S-transferase substrates used by other investigators may indicate that metabolism of these substrates results in radical formation and lipid peroxidation.
- Executive summary:
The effect of 1-bromoalkanes on intracellular glutathione (GSH) was studied in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Treatment of cells with bromoalkanes depleted cellular GSH levels without causing cytotoxicity. The extent of GSH depletion was directly proportional to the concentration and increasing chain length of 1-bromoalkanes (C2-C7). Bromoheptane (100 µM) depleted GSH by 87% in 30 mins which remained depleted for the 4 hr study period without causing cytotoxicity. A 30 fold higher concentration of bromoheptane was required before cytotoxicity ensued. Bromoheptane would therefore be particularly useful for studying the role of GSH in modulating xenobiotic cytotoxicity.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
