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EC number: 255-449-7 | CAS number: 41583-09-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Additional ecotoxological information
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional ecotoxicological information
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- significant methodological deficiencies
- Remarks:
- Publication of low reliability. E.g. 1) although the method of ovocyte production is reported to be prone to developmental anomalies no precautionary measures by randomisation of allocation to groups was performed; 2) the cause of starving of the larvae is stated to be the malformations, without proof and not vice versa, although it is known from mammals that starving can produce malformations; 3) dosing caused a high mortality ( without giving a time scale) so that malformations are not unlikely; etc.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Teratogenic Effects and Cannabalism Caused by Melamine on Bufo arenarum Larvae
- Author:
- Rengel D, Pisano A
- Year:
- 1 994
- Bibliographic source:
- Biocell, 18:13-19
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Chronic exposure of Bufo arenarum larvae
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Melamine
- EC Number:
- 203-615-4
- EC Name:
- Melamine
- Cas Number:
- 108-78-1
- Molecular formula:
- C3H6N6
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Purity: 100 %
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
The development of treated embryos was delayed when compared with control groups.
Treated larvae did not eat well, as a consequence treated larvae volume was more reduced than that of control groups even though their larval stage was similar. Treated larvae developed slowly or just stood at the first larval stages.
Larvae treated with 1 or 2 g ‰ Melamine did not eat vegetable food, instead they ate either cachectic or dead larvae (larval cannibalism process is an unusual behaviour in this species).
Treated larvae developed a losange-like shape instead of typical contour of the control. Also their mouth was different.
The digestive system of the treated larvae did not present the typical spiralization seen in control larvae. Liver and pancreas had lesser volume than control. Gallbladder was very large. Urogenital system showed significant alterations caused by Melamine.
Chronic Melamine exposure has teratogenic effects and causes cannibalism in Bufo arenarum larvae.
The chronic effects of melamine on Bufo arenarum development was analyzed using 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g ‰ doses. This pollutant showed a greater teratogenic action at higher concentrations and caused anomalous features on the mouth, an atypcial differentiation of the digestive system switching from herbivorous to carnivorous, forcing larvae to cannibalism. Inner gills always reduced were formed with difficulties. Gonad evidenced a lack of germinal cells and renal tubules showed anatomical modifications. According to doses, Melamine has more or less drastic effects on the mortality of larvae.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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