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EC number: 255-449-7 | CAS number: 41583-09-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Chromosome Aberrations and Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells: Evaluations of 108 Chemicals
- Author:
- Galloway S.M. et al.
- Year:
- 1 987
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 10, 1-175
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Prediction of chemical carcinogenicity in rodents from in vitro genotoxictiy assays
- Author:
- Tennant R.W. et al.
- Year:
- 1 987
- Bibliographic source:
- Science, 236, 933-941
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- details on results (incl. cytotoxicity) and some details on the method are missing; differing positive control (with MA) was used
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- according to NTP Standard protocol
(Galloway S. et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 7, 1) - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- other: chromosome aberration test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Melamine
- EC Number:
- 203-615-4
- EC Name:
- Melamine
- Cas Number:
- 108-78-1
- Molecular formula:
- C3H6N6
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
Constituent 1
Method
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 mix from male SD rats induced with Aroclor 1254
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0; 240; 270; 300 µg/mL
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO (20 µg/mL)
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: without MA: Mitomycin C (TEM, 0.5 µg/mL); with MA: cyclophosphamide (CP, 25 µg/mL)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- DURATION
- Exposure duration:
with MA: 2hr - harvest time 10.5 hrs, without MA: exposure/harvest time 10.5 hours ; 2-3 hours before harvesting, colcemid was added
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 100 cells were scored from each of the three highest dose groups having sufficient metaphases for analysis; 50 cells were scored from the positive controls
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): Giemsa
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: presumably 3 (as stated in Galloway S. et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 7, 1)
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
(For most tests reported, doses were based on observations of cell confluence and mitotic cell availability in the SCE test)
- Evaluation criteria:
- All types of aberrations were recorded separately, but for data analysis they were grouped into categories of "simple" (breaks and terminal deletions), "complex" (exchanges and rearrangements), "other" (includes puverized chromosomes), and "total". Gaps and endoreduplications were recorded but were not icluded in the totals. Aberrations in polyploid cells were not scored but metaphases with 19-23 chromosomes were used.
For data analysis the "total" aberration category was used and the criterion for a positive response was that the adjusted P value was =<0.05
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- other: No toxicity was observed, although some cell cycle delay was found in the SCE test.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1.: Without Metabolic Activation
Total aberrations; No of Abs/ % Cells |
Complex aberrations No of Abs/ % Cells |
Simple aberrations No of Abs/ % Cells |
Other aberrations No of Abs/ % Cells |
|
Vehicle/negative Control |
3 3.0 |
1 1.0 |
0 0.0 |
2 0.02 |
Vehicle/Solvent Control |
3 2.0 |
0 0.0 |
2 2.0 |
1 0.01 |
Positive Control |
11 18.0 |
8 17.0 |
2 4.0 |
1 0.02 |
240 µg/mL |
0 0.0 |
0 0.0 |
0 0.0 |
0 0.0 |
270 µg/mL |
3 3.0 |
3 3.0 |
0 0.0 |
0 0.0 |
300 µg/mL |
2 2.0 |
2 2.0 |
0 0.0 |
0 0.0 |
Table 2.: With Metabolic Activation
Total aberrations; No of Abs/ % Cells |
Complex aberrations No of Abs/ % Cells |
Simple aberrations No of Abs/ % Cells |
Other aberrations No of Abs/ % Cells |
|
Vehicle/negative Control |
1 1.0 |
0 0.0 |
0 0.0 |
1 0.01 |
Vehicle/Solvent Control |
7 6.0 |
3 3.0 |
2 2.0 |
2 0.02 |
Positive Control |
11 20.0 |
9 18.0 |
1 2.0 |
1 0.02 |
240 µg/mL |
0 0.0 |
0 0.0 |
0 0.0 |
0 0.0 |
270 µg/mL |
2 2.0 |
2 2.0 |
0 0.0 |
0 0.0 |
300 µg/mL |
3 3.0 |
2 2.0 |
0 0.0 |
1 0.01 |
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