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Repeated dose toxicity: oral

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
sub-chronic toxicity: oral
Type of information:
read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
From October 29, 2001 to June 18, 2002
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Remarks:
RA study
Justification for type of information:
Refer to the section 13 for details on the read across justification. The repeated dose toxicity (oral) study with the read across substance is considered sufficient to fulfil the information requirements as further explained in the provided endpoint summary.

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2002
Report date:
2002

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.26 (Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity Test: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPPTS 870.3100 (90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Limit test:
no

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Quaternary ammonium compounds, coco alkyltrimethyl, chlorides
EC Number:
263-038-9
EC Name:
Quaternary ammonium compounds, coco alkyltrimethyl, chlorides
Cas Number:
61789-18-2
Molecular formula:
C15 H34 Cl1 N1
IUPAC Name:
Quaternary ammonium compounds, C12-C18 (even numbered) alkyltrimethyl chloride
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Physical state: Pale straw coloured liquid
- Analytical purity: 35.5% coco alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 64.5% water
- Lot/batch No.: RHO20010082
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature, in the dark

Test animals

Species:
rat
Strain:
other: Sprague-Dawley, Crl:CD® (SD) IGS BR
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Source: Charles River (UK) limited, Margate, Kent
- Age at study initiation: 6 wk
- Weight at study initiation: Males: 141-183g, females: 132-161g
- Acclimation period: 14d

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 21±2°C
- Humidity: 55±15%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12h/12h

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
oral: feed
Vehicle:
other: mixed with diet
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
Mean dietary admixture concentrations were within acceptable limits for the purpose of the study (Gas chromatography).
Duration of treatment / exposure:
90 days
Frequency of treatment:
Daily in feed
Doses / concentrations
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations: 0, 100, 500 and 2000 ppm (equivalent to 22, 113 and 273 mg/kg bw/day after correction of 35.5% purity); the highest dose of 2000 ppm was reduced to 1000 ppm from Day 29 onwards due to deterioration in health of treated animals at 2000 ppm.
Basis: nominal in diet
No. of animals per sex per dose:
10 males and 10 females per dose
Control animals:
yes, plain diet
Details on study design:
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: None

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: once daily

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: once daily

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Day 0 (the day before start of treatment) and weekly thereafter

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): Weekly throughout the study

FOOD EFFICIENCY: Yes

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: daily for each cage group

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Before start of treatment and before termination of treatment (during week 12)
- Dose groups that were examined: All

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: End of treatment (Day 90)

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: End of treatment (Day 90)

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Day 0 (the day before start of treatment) and weekly thereafter
- Dose groups that were examined: All
- Battery of functions tested: Sensory activity
Sacrifice and pathology:
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes, all animals
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes, Macroscopic lesions, Adrenals, Aorta, Bone and bone marrow (femur including stifle joint), Bone and bone marrow (sternum), Brain (including cerebrum, cerebellum and pons), Cecum, Colon, Duodenum, Epididymides, Eyes, Gross lesions, Heart, ileum, Jejunum, Kidneys, Liver, Lungs (with bronchi), Lymph nodes (cervical and mesenteric), Mammary gland, Muscle (skeletal), Oesophagus, Ovaries, Pancreas, Pituitary gland, Prostate, Rectum, Salivary glands (submaxillary), Sciatic nerve, Seminal vesicles, Skin (hind limb), Spinal cord (cervical), Spleen, Stomach, Testes, Thymus, Thyroid/parathyroid, Tongue, Trachea, Urinary bladder, Uterus.
Statistics:
Data were processed to give group mean values and standard deviation where appropriate. Haematological, blood chemical, organ weight, weekly body weight gain and quantitative functional performance and sensory reactivity data were assessed for control and test substance treatment groups for dose response relationship by linear regression analysis, followed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) incorporating Levene's test for homogeneity of variance. Where variances were shown to be homogenous, pairwise comparisons were conducted using Dunnett's test. Where Levene's test showed unequal variances, the data were analysed using non-parametric methods: Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney 'U' test.

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
High dose animals developed clinical signs of toxicity from Day 7 onwards. These included hunched posture, pilo-erection, tiptoe gait, diarrhoea and red/brown staining of external body surface. Due to these effects, the dose level was reduced to 1000 ppm from Day 29 onwards. Clinical signs persisted following the reduction in dose level and included two incidents of pallor of extremities together with generalised fur loss. No clinically observable signs of toxicity were detected at the mid and the high doses.
Mortality:
no mortality observed
Description (incidence):
No mortality occurred during the study period.
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Reduced body weight gain was detected for high dose animals of either sex during the first five weeks of the study compared with controls. Mid dose males were similarly affected but this was confined to week 1 and 2 only. Body weight gain recovered following reduction in the dose level and was comparable with controls thereafter but terminal bodyweights for high dose animals and mid dose males remained lower than controls. No adverse effect on bodyweight gain was detected for 500 ppm females or for animals of either sex treated with the low dose.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Reduced food intake was observed in the high and mid dose animals throughout the study period compared with controls.
Food efficiency:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Food efficiency was reduced over the first three weeks of the study but this was confined to the high dose group only. No adverse effect on dietary intake or food efficiency was detected at the low dose.
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No appreciable intergroup differences were detected. High dose animals showed a reduced water intake on Day 6 of the study which recovered thereafter.
Ophthalmological findings:
no effects observed
Haematological findings:
no effects observed
Clinical biochemistry findings:
no effects observed
Urinalysis findings:
not specified
Behaviour (functional findings):
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
- Detailed open-field observations conducted during the study confirmed the clinical signs of hunched posture, pilo-erection and tiptoe gait detected in high dose animals. No such effects were detected at the mid or low dose levels.
- Functional performance test: No treatment-related changes were detected.
- Sensory Reactivity Assessments: High dose females showed an increase in startle reflex parameters compared with controls. No such effects were detected for high dose males or for animals of either sex treated with the lower doses.
Immunological findings:
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
No toxicologically important organ weight changes were detected. The reductions in absolute weight (including heart, kidneys, liver and thymus weight at the high dose and heart weight at the mid dose) and increases in relative weight (including high dose brain epididymides, kidneys, spleen, testes and ovaries weight), were all considered to be a result of reduced bodyweight development rather than test substance toxicity.
Gross pathological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No treatment-related macroscopic abnormalities.
Neuropathological findings:
not examined
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Treatment-related changes were observed in the spleen and kidneys. Lower severities of pigment accumulation were observed in the spleen of high dose male rats but not for the females (p <0.05). A higher incidence of pigment accumulation was observed in the kidneys of the high and mid dose male rats. In both tissues the pigment reacted positively to Perl's staining technique and was considered to be haemosiderin.
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
not specified

Effect levels

open allclose all
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOEL
Effect level:
22 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
act. ingr.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: effects observed at 113 and 273 mg/kg bw/day
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
113 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
Based on:
act. ingr.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
body weight and weight gain
clinical signs
food efficiency
histopathology: non-neoplastic

Target system / organ toxicity

Key result
Critical effects observed:
yes
Lowest effective dose / conc.:
273 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
System:
other: microscopic changes in the spleen and kidneys of high dose animals
Organ:
kidney
spleen
Treatment related:
yes
Dose response relationship:
yes

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
- Based on the results of the read across study, dietary administration of the test substance to rats for a period of 90 days at levels up to 273 mg ai.i/kg bw/day resulted in toxicologically significant effects at the high dose and marginal effects at the next lower dose of 113 mg ai.i/kg bw/day. No such effects were demonstrated at the lowest dose of 22 mg a.i./kg bw/day. Therefore, the NOEL was considered to be 22 mg a.i./kg bw/day.
(The changes observed at the mid dose were considered to be minor, isolated effects associated with the reduced palatability of the test substance and were considered not to represent an adverse health effect. Hence, for the purposes of hazard evaluation, the NOAEL should be regarded as 113 mg/kg bw/day.)
Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the oral repeated dose toxicity of the read across substance, quaternary ammonium compounds, C12-C18 (even numbered) alkyltrimethyl chloride (C12-18 TMAC), according to OECD Guideline 408 and EU Method B.26, in compliance with GLP. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered the test substance at concentrations of 0, 100, 500 or 2000 ppm, corresponding to 22, 113 and 273 mg a.i./kg bw/day) in the diet for 90 d. The highest dose of 2000 ppm was reduced to 1000 ppm from Day 29 onwards due to deterioration in health of the test animals at 2000 ppm. At the highest dose, the treatment-related findings were clinical signs of toxicity, reduced body weight gain and food efficiency, organ weight changes and microscopic changes in the spleen and kidneys. At the mid dose, reduced body weight gain (males) and reduced food consumption, reduced absolute heart weight and higher incidence of haemosiderin accumulation in the kidneys of males was observed. No treatment-related effects were observed at the lowest dose. Hence, the NOEL was considered to be 100 ppm (i.e. equivalent to 22 mg a.i./kg bw/day). The changes observed at 500 ppm were considered to be minor, isolated effects associated with the reduced palatability of the test substance and were considered not to represent an adverse health effect. The NOAEL was therefore 500 ppm (i.e. equivalent to 113 mg a.i./kg bw/day) (Jones, 2002).

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