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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 204-694-8 | CAS number: 124-28-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 mg/m³
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 mg/m³
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: VCI inhalation DNEL for corrosive substances
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: VCI inhalation DNEL for corrosive substances
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
Worker DNEL: Long-term/short term for inhalation route, local effects
The German VCI ("Verband der chemischen Industrie") established an inhalation DNEL for local effects for corrosive substances of 1 mg/m3 that should be applied for long- and short-term exposure equally. The derivation of this value is fully described in Messinger (2013). Briefly, the DNEL is a generic cut-off value based on an extensive analysis of the German occupational exposure limit (OEL) values as published in TRGS 900 (“Technnische Regeln für Gefahrstoffe”) for substances that are legally classified as corrosive. Substances identified as corrosive in self-classifications only were not considered, since they lack a peer review of the classification assigned. After exclusion of some (groups of) substances, such as CMR substances, the evaluation retrieved 40 corrosive substances with OEL values effective in Germany. In addition to the dermal effects, corrosive substances often display pronounced acute toxicity when administered by other pathways, especially via inhalation. When all very toxic (R26 or R27 or R28) and all sensitising (R42 or R43) substances were removed from the set of 40 corrosive substances, only 2/24 (8%) substances had an OEL below 1 mg/m3. The two substances are 1) sulfuric acid, a very strong acid vigorously reacting with water and b) barium hydroxide, for which the low OEL was derived on the basis of systemic effects (Messinger, 2013).
Overall, the applicability domain of the DNEL of 1 mg/m3 for corrosive substances is defined as follows (Messinger, 2013):
- The substance is not a CMR substance, a heavy metal derivative, a sensitiser and does not hydrolyse to strong acids/bases
- The substance is not very toxic by ingestion, dermal contact or inhalation.
The submission substance fulfils these criteria and the DNEL of 1 mg/m3 can be applied.
With this DNEL for local effects, any potential systemic effects are covered as well.
Reference
Messinger, H.: An approach for the delineation of a generic cut-off value for local respiratory tract irritation by irritating or corrosive substances, 2013 (manuscript submitted for publication).
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 50 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- no deficencies
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- study performed with rats
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- study performed with rats
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- standard factor
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- no deficencies
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- no uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
General population DNEL: Long-term for oral route, systemic effects
The DNEL long-term, oral exposure, systemic effects is derived from a toxicity study with oral exposure. The most sensitive NOAEL for this category was the NOAEL of 50 mg/kg bw/day identified in a chronic toxicity study with rats.
DNEL derivation:
Basis NOAEL: 50 mg/kg bw/day from a 2 -year oral toxicity study in rats
No specific values on oral absorption available, therefore default assumption for oral absorption: 100 %
Assessment factors:
· Interspecies differences: 4 (allometric scaling), 2.5 (remaining differences)
· Intraspecies differences: 10
· Differences in duration of exposure: 1 (chronic study available)
· Issues related to dose-response: 1 (none)
· Quality of whole database: 1 (no deficiencies)
--> Overall assessment factor: 100
DNEL = 50 mg/kg bw/day / 100
DNEL = 0.5 mg/kg bw/day
An existing European evaluation is available. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), using the same experimental study in rats as the basis, derived a TDI for C12-20 -DMA (described by EFSA as "Alkyl, linear with even number of carbon atoms (C12 -C20) dimethylamines") that is identical to the DNEL derived here (0.5 mg/kg bw/d).
Reference
EFSA, European Food Safety Authority (2007): Scientific Opinion of the Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) on a request related to a 16th list of substances for food contact materials, The EFSA Journal, 555-563, 1-31
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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