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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 240-178-9 | CAS number: 16039-53-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- Not reported
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 986
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 10 min to the test material followed by observations of clinical signs and mortality. After 7 d observation time animals were anesthetized and lungs were examined.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- other: Acute Inhalation Toxicity
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Zinc chloride
- EC Number:
- 231-592-0
- EC Name:
- Zinc chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7646-85-7
- IUPAC Name:
- zinc dichloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Zinc chloride
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: ALAB, Sollentuna, Sweden
- Age at study initiation: 60-80 d
- Weight at study initiation: 200-250 g
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22-23 °C
- Humidity (%): 50-60 %
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- head only
- Vehicle:
- other: water
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Inhalation chamber operated in dynamic mode
- Exposure chamber volume: 8.4 L
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: Perspex cylinders
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: Generated from a solution of test material in water (3.7 and 10.3 M with specific gravity 1.3 and 7.1 g/mL) by means of Collision nebulizer
- Method of particle size determination: Cascade impactors of the Battelle type (Mitchell and Pilcher 1959) using a sampling flow of 1 L/min
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: Particles collected on membrane filters (Millipore, AAWP, pore size 0.45 µm), filters extracted in 4 M HNO3, extract analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (air-acetylene flame, 213.9 nm)
- Samples taken from breathing zone: Yes
TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution: Non-uniform
- MMAD (Mass median aerodynamic diameter) / GSD (Geometric st. dev.): 2.3 and 2.6 µm - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- flame atomic absorption spectrometer (air-acetylene flame, 213.9 nm)
- Duration of exposure:
- 10 min
- Concentrations:
- 600, 940, 1220 and 1950 mg Zn/m³ (molar ratio of Zn: ZnCl2 is 1:2.1)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Three
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 7 d
- Necropsy of survivors performed: Yes
- Other examinations performed: Clinical signs, mortality, gross pathology and histopathology - Statistics:
- Not reported
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- Not applicable
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 2 000 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Exp. duration:
- 10 min
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LCt50
- Effect level:
- 20 000 other: mg.min/m3
- Exp. duration:
- 10 min
- Mortality:
- Two animals died at 940 and 1220 mg/m³ while all animals died at highest dose of 1950 mg/m³. For details see ‘table 1’ .
- Clinical signs:
- other: Respiratory distress including dyspnoea, decreased locomotor activity, laboured breathing, rhonci and rales observed.
- Body weight:
- Not reported
- Gross pathology:
- Entire surface of lungs showed discolouration (dark red), varying degrees of congestion, patchy discolouration, oedema and interstitial emphysema
- Other findings:
- - Histopathology: Atelectasis, hyperaemia and haemorrhages and oedema observed
- Potential target organs: Lungs
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Acute inhalation toxicity of test material in rats
Concentration (mg Zn/m³)* |
Mortality after exposure during 10 min (number of deaths/exposed) |
600 | 0/3 |
940 | 2/3 |
1220 | 2/3 |
1950 | 3/3 |
* The molar ratio of Zn:ZnCl2 is 1:2.1
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- study cannot be used for classification
- Conclusions:
- Based on these results, the acute inhalation LC50 of the test material was calculated to be 2000 mg ZnCl2/m³ in rats after a exposure of 10 minutes.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted in female Sprague-Dawley rats to determine pulmonary injury after acute inhalation exposure to the test material.
Animals were exposed to the test material at a concentration of 600, 940, 1220 and 1950 mg Zn/m³ (molar ratio of Zn:ZnCl2 is 1:2.1) for 10 min. Animals showed respiratory distress. Clinical examination of the lung showed discolouration (dark red), varying degrees of congestion, patchy discolouration, oedema and interstitial emphysema, atelectasis, hyperaemia and haemorrhages.
Based on the above results, the acute inhalation LC50 of the test material in rats was calculated to be 2000 mg ZnCl2/m³.
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