Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-C10-13-sec-alkyl derivs.

Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1981

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Basic data given: comparable to guidelines/standards, with analytical. Not enough details to warrant Klimisch 1 rating.

Justification for type of information:

Category Approach; test materials are reference substance LAS and radiolabeled C12-LAS, a major component of reference substance LAS. LAS provides suitable read across for LAB Sulfonic Acids as both form the identical chemical species in aqueous solutions at neutral (physiological) pH, namely, the LAS ion (C10-13linear alkyl benzene-SO3-) and would be expected to have similar eco-toxicological properties.

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1981

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Vegetative shoots of Elodea canadensis were allowed to grow at four different test concentrations in a replicated aquatic community (model ecosystem) for 28 d. Growth and productivity of Elodea were recorded and NOEC was calculated.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

the study was conducted prior to GLP.

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Benzenesulfonic acid, C10-13-alkyl derivs., sodium salts

EC Number:

270-115-0

EC Name:

Benzenesulfonic acid, C10-13-alkyl derivs., sodium salts

Cas Number:

68411-30-3

Molecular formula:

Not applicable for UVCB

IUPAC Name:

sodium 4-undecylbenzenesulfonate

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate

IUPAC Name:

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate

Details on test material:

- Name of test material: Two LAS test materials were used in this study:
1. 14C-radiolabeled C12LAS (pure C12 chainlength) (GTS72922), and
2. Unlabelled C11.6 LAS (comprised of C10,C11,C12,C13 chainlengths) (GTS72923)
- Substance type: Pure active substance
- Physical state: Not reported
- Specific activity: 831 µCi/mmole
- Locations of the label: uniformly labeled with 14 C in the benzene ring
- Stability under test conditions: Not reported
- Storage condition of test material: Not reported

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Please see the section below. The study report does not include details about sampling.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION: Preparation of test solutions is not reported. The test concentrations were delivered to the duplicate test vessels by a modified Mount and Brungs 1 L proportional diluter.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

other: Elodea canadensis

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Elodea
- Strain: Not reported
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Not reported
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): vegetative shoots (10 cm long)
- Method of cultivation: Not reported

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 d
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Not reported
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: Not reported

Study design

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

28 d

Post exposure observation period:

None

Test conditions

Hardness:

120 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

21 ± 2°C

pH:

Mean pH: 8.1 ± 0.2

Dissolved oxygen:

Mean Dissolved Oxygen Concentration (DOC): 7.8 mg/L (ranged, 7.0-9.0)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal test concentrations were: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L. MBAS and radiometric counts confirmed the expected nominal concentrations. Two figures in the study report show the confirmation of nominal test concentrations, but details not provided.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Incubation chamber used: Not reported
- Test vessel: Aquaria containing 2.5 cm of natural lake sediment
- Type: Open
- Material: 19 L glass
- Type of cover: Not reported
- Aeration: No (test was flow-through)
- Agitation: No
- Type of flow-through: Proportional diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution: 8 replacement volumes/d
- Control end cells density: Not reported
- No. of shoots per vessel: 8 vegetative shoots
- No. of frond per colony: Not reported
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Two
- No. of vessels per negative control (replicates): Two :
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): Not applicable

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: No
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used: Not reported

SEDIMENT USED (for rooted aquatic vascular plants)
- Origin: Winton Lake, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Textural classification (% sand, %silt and clay): Not reported
- organic carbon (%): Not reported
- Geographic location: Cincinnati, Ohio

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: The dilution water was carbon and reverse-osmosis filtered well water
- Total organic carbon: Not reported
- Particulate matter: Not reported
- Metals (mg/L): Zinc: <0.001; Lead: <0.01; Iron: <0.05; Copper: <0.001,
- Nitrate (mg/L): <0.05
- Pesticides: Not reported
- Chlorine: Not reported
- Alkalinity: Not reported
- Ca/mg ratio: Not reported
- Conductivity: Not reported
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Twice weekly
- Other: Temperature was monitored continuously with a recording thermograph

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: Not reported
- Adjustment of pH: Not reported
- Photoperiod: Not reported
- Light intensity and quality: Not reported

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Includes growth (as total length) and productivity (as ash-free dry weight) of the Elodea at the end of 28 d exposure period. Amount of 14C-LAS taken up by the plant was measured by combustion analysis.
- Determination of frond number: Not reported
- Determination of biomass: Yes, dry weight
- Determination of frond area: Not reported

NEGATIVE CONTROL PERFORMED: Yes (received only filtered well water)

SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Only on Day 28, as sampling of test species was not done during exposure period.
- Sampling method: For the amount of 14C-LAS taken up by the plant, triplicate samples of the test species were taken at 28 d sampling period, rinsed, dried at 30°C for 24 h, and weighed in tared plancets prior to combustion analyses for radiometric counting of 14C-LAS content
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: For 14C-LAS analysis, samples were dried at 30°C for 24 h before analysis

RANGE-FINDING STUDY: No

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Remarks on result:

other: Nominal concentration confirmed by analytical measurement.

Details on results:

- Any visual signs of phytotoxicity (abnormalities): Not reported
- Decrease in frond size: Not reported
- Necrosis / chlorosis: Not reported
- Sinking of fronds: Not reported
- Other: The growth and productivity was not inhibited at any test concentration, including the highest (4.0 mg/L).
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: Growth throughout the exposure period approximately doubled the initial biomass of the vegetative shoots used at the start of the exposure (Initial biomass = 37 mg ashed-free dry weight; overall mean for all treatment concentrations = approx. 72 mg ashed-free dry weight). Overlap of 95% confidence limits for all treatments with unexposed control production confirms the lack of LAS effects throughout the exposure period.
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Not reported
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No
- Bioconcentration factor: Mean bioconcentration factor 629.5 based on a wet weight basis

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Positive control was not included in the study.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Not reported

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The 28 d NOEC of C12 LAS to Elodea canadensis in a model ecosystem study was > 4 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The long term toxicity of C12 LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) to the aquatic plant (Elodea canadensis) was evaluated in a 28 day model ecosystem flow-through test. The nominal test concentrations were 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L, confirmed by analytical measurements.

The growth and productivity of the Elodea was recorded after the exposure period of 28 d.

Growth inhibition was not observed even at highest tested concentration (4 mg/L). Growth throughout the exposure period approximately doubled the initial biomass of the vegetative shoots used at the start of the exposure.  The initial biomass was 37 mg ashed-free dry weight; the overall mean for all treatment concentrations was 72 mg ashed-free dry weight. Overlap of 95% confidence limits for all treatments with unexposed control production confirmed the lack of LAS effects throughout the exposure period.

Hence, the NOEC was found to be >4 mg/L.