Registration Dossier

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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Manufacture, use & exposure

Formulation

Documentsopen allclose all

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant

Referenceopen allclose all

Name:
Tungsten Carbide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
Tungsten Carbide
Name:
tungsten carbide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
tungsten carbide
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Powder metallurgical production of tungsten carbide containing articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 2: Blending
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
GES5a: Step 1: Transfer to mixer
GES5a Step 3: Press charging
GES5a Step 8: Maintenance
GES 5b Step 4: Maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 4: Pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 22:
GES5a Step 6: Sintering
GES5a Step 7: Silver infiltration (for WC-Ag electrical contact articles only)

GES5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
GES5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
GES5b Step 1: Forming of sintered tungsten carbide containing articles
GES5b Step 2: Machining of sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Ges5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 5: Transfer to sintering
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Powder metallurgical production of tungsten carbide containing articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 2: Blending
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
GES5a: Step 1: Transfer to mixer
GES5a Step 3: Press charging
GES5a Step 8: Maintenance
GES 5b Step 4: Maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 4: Pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 22:
GES5a Step 6: Sintering
GES5a Step 7: Silver infiltration (for WC-Ag electrical contact articles only)

GES5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
GES5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
GES5b Step 1: Forming of sintered tungsten carbide containing articles
GES5b Step 2: Machining of sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Ges5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 5: Transfer to sintering
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
GES4a: Production of tungsten carbide containing diamond tools
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 3:
GES4a: Step 2: Mixing operation
GES4b: Step 2: Mixing operation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
GES4a: Step 1: Transfer to the mixer
GES4a: Step 3: Transfer to containers
GES4b: Step 1: Transfer to the mixer and addition of diamond
GES4b: Step 3: Transfer to containers
GES4b: Step 5: Cold pressing or hand filling of WC and/or W-containing mixture
GES4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of WC and/or W-containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 14:
GES4b: Step 4: Granulation (not always required)
GES4b: Step 5: Cold pressing or hand filling of WC and/or W-containing mixture
GES 4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of WC and/or W-containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 7: Grinding of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten parts (segments)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 8: Brazing or welding of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of tungsten carbide-containing diamond tools
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1a: Transfer to the mixer - Tungsten carbide powder is received in sealed metal drums and filled into a mixer by hand (shovel). The duration of activity is < 1 hour and activity is conducted at room temperature. Other raw material is further added additionally. Dust exposure is limited due to RMMs.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2a: Mixing operation. Blending of tungsten carbide powder with other substances in a batch. The duration of the activity is < 0,5 hour at room temperature. Mixing takes place in a closed container.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3a: Transfer to containers - Transfer of tungsten carbide-containing mixtures to drums or plastic bags (for vacuum sealing) at dedicated facilities. Duration of 0,5 - 2 hours at room temperature (depending on the quantity). Powder. 5 - 80% tungsten carbide, medium dustiness. Dust exposure is limited due to RMMs.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1b: Transfer to the mixer and addition of diamond - tungsten carbide powder and/or tungsten metal powder (or mixtures containing tungsten and/or tungsten carbide powder) are received in sealed metal drums or vacuum sealed bags and filled into a mixer by hand (shovel). Diamond is added and then mixed together. The duration of activity is < 1 hour and activity is conducted at room temperature. Possibility of further material additions. Powder. 5 - 80% tungsten substance, medium dustiness. Dust exposure is limited due to RMMs.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2b: Mixing operation - Blending of tungsten carbide- and/or tungsten- mixtures with diamond in a batch. The duration of the activity is < 0.5 hour at room temperature.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3b:Transfer to containers - Transfer of tungsten carbide- and/or tungsten- containing mixtures to containers at dedicated facilities. < 1 hour duration at room temperature. Powder. 5 - 80% tungsten substance. Medium dustiness. Dust exposure is limited due to RMM
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4b: Granulation (not always required) -
a) Granulation (with binder and solvent) of tungsten carbide- and/or tungsten- containing mixtures at dedicated facilities. Duration of 1 - 8 hours at room temperature (depending on quantity).
OR
b) Mechanical granulation (no binder and solvent) of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten containing mixtures at dedicated facilities. Duration of 1 - 4 hours at room temperature (depending on quantity). Powder and solvent. 5 - 80% tungsten carbide or tungsten substance. High dustiness at the beginning of the process, drops to low dustiness. Mechanical granulation (no binder and solvent) of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten containing mixtures at dedicated facilities. Duration of 1 - 4 hours at room temperature (depending on quantity).
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5b: Cold pressing or hand filling of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten containing mixture:
a) Cold pressing of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten containing mixtures to the desired pre-shape at dedicated facilities. 8 hours duration at room temperature. Powder: 5 - 80% tungsten substance. Low dustiness.
OR
b) Hand filling of tungsten carbide- and/or tungsten- containing mixtures into the graphite moulds at dedicated facilities. 8 hours duration at room temperature. Powder: 5 - 80% tungsten substance. Medium dustiness.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6b: Hot pressing / Sintering of tungsten carbide- and/or tungsten- containing mixture. Hot pressing (or sintering) of WC and/or W-containing mixtures to the final shape at dedicated facilities. < 0,5 hour duration at higher temperature per cycle. Cold pressed, solid part. 5 - 80% tungsten substance. No dustiness
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Step 7b: Grinding of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten parts (segments) - Grinding of the hot pressed tungsten carbide- and/or tungsten- containing parts (segments) at dedicated facilities. < 1 minute per piece duration at room temperature. Solid part. 5 - 80% tungsten substance. Dustiness during grinding.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 8b: Brazing or welding of tungsten carbide- and/or tungsten- containing mixture - Brazing (or welding) of the hot pressed and ground tungsten carbide- and/or tungsten- containing parts (segments) at dedicated facilities. < 1 minute per piece duration at higher temperature. Braze can create smoke during process.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR but not a lead’s own use

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Reference
Name:
tungsten carbide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
tungsten carbide
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Powder metallurgical production of tungsten carbide containing articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 2: Blending
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
GES5a: Step 1: Transfer to mixer
GES5a Step 3: Press charging
GES5a Step 8: Maintenance
GES 5b Step 4: Maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 4: Pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 22:
GES5a Step 6: Sintering
GES5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
GES5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
GES5b Step 1: Forming of sintered tungsten carbide containing articles
GES5b Step 2: Machining of sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Ges5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 5: Transfer to sintering
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of hardfacing wire containing fused carbide
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 4:
Step 1: Preparation
Step 2: Production
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1: Preparation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
Step 1: Preparation
Step 3: Maintenance and cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant

Referenceopen allclose all

Name:
Tungsten Carbide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
Tungsten Carbide
Name:
tungsten carbide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
tungsten carbide
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
GES4a: Production of tungsten carbide containing diamond tools
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 3:
GES4a: Step 2: Mixing operation
GES4b: Step 2: Mixing operation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
GES4a: Step 1: Transfer to the mixer
GES4a: Step 3: Transfer to containers
GES4b: Step 1: Transfer to the mixer and addition of diamond
GES4b: Step 3: Transfer to containers
GES4b: Step 5: Cold pressing or hand filling of WC and/or W-containing mixture
GES4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of WC and/or W-containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 14:
GES4b: Step 4: Granulation (not always required)
GES4b: Step 5: Cold pressing or hand filling of WC and/or W-containing mixture
GES 4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of WC and/or W-containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 7: Grinding of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten parts (segments)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 8: Brazing or welding of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Powder metallurgical production of tungsten carbide containing articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 2: Blending
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
GES5a: Step 1: Transfer to mixer
GES5a Step 3: Press charging
GES5a Step 8: Maintenance
GES 5b Step 4: Maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 4: Pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 22:
GES5a Step 6: Sintering
GES5a Step 7: Silver infiltration (for WC-Ag electrical contact articles only)

GES5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
GES5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
GES5b Step 1: Forming of sintered tungsten carbide containing articles
GES5b Step 2: Machining of sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Ges5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 5: Transfer to sintering
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of hardmetal powder
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3: Milling
Step 5: Drying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1: Weighing in
Step 2: Filling the mill
Step 4: Emptying the mill
Step 6: Maintenance and cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5: Drying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of sintered hardmetal articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1: Transfer to mixer (OPTIONAL). The hardmetal powder is transferred to the mixer. Additives for extrusion pressing are added to the mixer. Exposure to hardmetal dust and additives at filling and handling operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2: Mixing (OPTIONAL). The hardmetal powder is mixed with the additives using a closed mixer. Closed system/containment. Limited worker exposure data available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3: Press charging - The hardmetal powder is filled into press dies. This operation may be an integrated part of the pressing operation, e.g., in automatic pressing. Exposure to hardmetal dust at filling and handling operations. Limited worker exposure data available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4: Pressing - The hardmetal powder is pressed to compacts by pressing, e.g., die pressing, isostatic pressing, extrusion pressing or other method. Exposure to hardmetal dust at non-enclosed operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5: Shaping (OPTIONAL) - The pressed hardmetal piece is shaped to desired shape in automated or manual processes. Exposure to hardmetal dust at non-enclosed operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6: Sintering - The pressed hardmetal pieces are sintered at temperatures above 1200°C to form dense metallic parts. No exposure to hardmetal powder. Potential exposure is to substances other than WC (e.g., decomposition products of the pressing agent).
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Step 7: Grinding and/or turning (OPTIONAL) - The sintered hardmetal piece is wet or dry ground or turned in automated or manual processes.Hardmetal dust exposure at non-enclosed dry grinding operations. Wet grinding may entail exposure to droplets from the grinding fluid containing dissolved constituents in hardmetal.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 8: Edge rounding (OPTIONAL) - The edges of the sintered hardmetal piece are rounded by applying kinetic energy in various processes. Hardmetal dust exposure at non-enclosed pressing operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 9: Coating (OPTIONAL) - The sintered hardmetal piece is coated by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) or similar method. Closed system, containment. Potential exposure is to substances other than WC or hardmetal.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 10: Brazing or welding (OPTIONAL) - Hardmetal parts are brazed or welded. Braze can create smoke during process.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
Step 11: Marking (OPTIONAL) - The sintered hardmetal piece is marked by ingraving, paint or other method. Very low exposure of hardmetal dust, solvent or similar possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 12: Packaging - The sintered hardmetal piece is packaged, labelled, etc. and sent for storage or shipping. No exposure during these activities.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: No PROC necessary
Name of activity / technique:
Step 13: Maintenance and cleaning - Various maintenance and cleaning operations inside and outside the equipment. Exposure to hardmetal powder or raw materials and organic vapour (if used) possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Powder metallurgical production of tungsten carbide-containing articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1a: Transfer to mixer - The tungsten caribde (WC) powder is transferred from the transport containers into a mixer. Alloying additives are filled into the mixer. Exposure to WC dust possible
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2a: Blending - The tungsten carbide powder is mixed with the additives using a closed mixer. Containment/closed system.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3a: Press charging. The tungsten carbide (WC) powder mixture is filled into pressing dies or rubber tubes. Exposure to WC dust possible during filling operation.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4a: Pressing - The tungsten carbide powder mixture is pressed to parts by die or isostatic pressing using a closed pressing system. Closed pressing system/containment.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5a: Transfer to sintering - The pressed tungsten carbide-containing parts are transferred and charged to the sinter furnace. Limited exposure to tungsten carbide dust during the transfer and charging.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6a: Sintering - The pressed tungsten carbide-containing parts are sintered at temperatures above 1200°C to form dense metallic parts or tungsten carbide-sponge parts [see next step]. Sinter furnace is closed. Closed furnace/containment.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Step 7a: Silver infiltration (for WC-Ag electrical contact articles only). The sintered tungsten carbide sponge parts are placed in contact with silver in a furnace and treated under reducing atmosphere above the melting point of silver, so that the tungsten carbide sponge is fully infiltrated with silver. Closed furnace/containment.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Step 8a: Maintenance - Maintenance of production and ventilation equipment. Exposure to tungsten carbide powder possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1b: Forming of sintered tungsten carbide-containing articles - The articles can be treated by forging, drawing and rolling using open processes. Exposure to tungsten carbide possible
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2b: Machining of sintered articles - The articles can be treated by cutting, turning, milling, grinding, etc. Exposure to tungsten carbide dust possible during grinding.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3b: Other treatments for the sintered articles: Cleaning, polishing of the articles; annealing, brazing of the articles; bending, spinning of the articles; or welding of the articles. Potential exposure to fumes during welding.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR but not a lead’s own use

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of hardmetal powder
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1: Weighing in - The raw materials are weighed and transferred from the transport containers into a vessel. Exposure to WC and the other raw materials used is possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2: Filling the mill - The weighed material is emptied into a mill. Milling liquid (e.g., water or an organic fluid) is added. Exposure to WC, other raw materials used and organic vapours (if used) is possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3: Milling - The constituent powders are milled and homogenised. After the powders are mixed and homogenised, operator MAY take a sample of the slurry and run tests to determine carbon level of the powder blend. Based on the test result, either carbon or tungsten metal powder is added and the slurry is blended for a short time to homogenise.Closed system/containment.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4: Emptying the mill - The slurry is emptied into a transport vessel, transported to the dryer and emptied to /connected as the feed tank/hopper. Exposure to organic vapours (if used) possible at the operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5: Drying - The slurry is dried in a dryer at elevated temperature (e.g., 100 - 300°C) in air or in an inert atmosphere (e.g. N2). The dried powder is emptied from the dryer, cooled, sieved (optional) and filled into containers and sampled. Containers are transported to storage area. Exposure to hardmetal powder and organic vapours (if used) possible at various operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6: Maintenance and cleaning - Various maintenance and cleaning operations inside and outside the equipment. Exposure to hardmetal powder or raw materials and organic vapour (if used) is possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of hardmetal powder
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1: Weighing in - The raw materials are weighed and transferred from the transport containers into a vessel. Exposure to tungsten carbide and the other raw materials used is possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2: Filling the mill - The weighed material is emptied into a mill. Milling liquid (eg, water or an organic fluid) is added. Exposure to WC, other raw materials used and organic vapours (if used) is possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3: Milling - The constituent powders are milled and homogenised. After the powders are mixed and homogenised, operator MAY take a sample of the slurry and run tests to determine carbon level of the powder blend. Based on the test result, either carbon or tungsten metal powder is added and the slurry is blended for a short time to homogenise.Closed system/containment.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4: Emptying the mill - The slurry is emptied into a transport vessel, transported to the dryer and emptied to /connected as the feed tank/hopper. Exposure to organic vapours (if used) possible at the operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5: Drying - The slurry is dried in a dryer at elevated temperature (e.g., 100 - 300°C) in air or in an inert atmosphere (e.g. N2). The dried powder is emptied from the dryer, cooled, sieved (optional) and filled into containers and sampled. Containers are transported to storage area. Exposure to hardmetal powder and organic vapours (if used) possible at various operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6: Maintenance and cleaning - Various maintenance and cleaning operations inside and outside the equipment. Exposure to hardmetal powder or raw materials and organic vapour (if used) is possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of sintered hardmetal articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2: Mixing (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
Step 1: Transfer to mixer (OPTIONAL)
Step 3:Press charging
Step 13: Maintenance and cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4: Pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 21:
Step 5: Shaping (OPTIONAL)
Step 11: Marking (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6: Sintering
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 24:
Step 7: Grinding and/or turning (OPTIONAL)
Step 8: Edge rounding (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 10: Brazing or welding (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
in a mixture

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of sintered hardmetal articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2: Mixing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
Step 1: Transfer to mixer (OPTIONAL)
Step 3:Press charging
Step 13: Maintenance and cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4: Pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 21:
Step 5: Shaping (OPTIONAL)
Step 11: Marking (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6: Sintering
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 24:
Step 7: Grinding and/or turning (OPTIONAL)
Step 8: Edge rounding (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 10: Brazing or welding (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of WC-containing diamond tools
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1a: Transfer to the mixer - WC powder is received in sealed metal drums and filled into a mixer by hand (shovel). The duration of activity is < 1 hour and activity is conducted at room temperature. Other raw material is further added additionally. Dust exposure is limited due to RMMs.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2a: Mixing operation. Blending of WC powder with other substances in a batch. The duration of the activity is < 0,5 hour at room temperature. Mixing takes place in a closed container.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3a: Transfer to containers - Transfer of WC-containing mixtures to drums or plastic bags (for vacuum sealing) at dedicated facilities. Duration of 0,5 - 2 hours at room temperature (depending on the quantity). Powder. 5 - 80% tungsten carbide, medium dustiness. Dust exposure is limited due to RMMs.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1b: Transfer to the mixer and addition of diamond - WC powder and/or W metal powder (or mixtures containing W and/or WC powder) are received in sealed metal drums or vacuum sealed bags and filled into a mixer by hand (shovel). Diamond is added and then mixed together. The duration of activity is < 1 hour and activity is conducted at room temperature. Possibility of further material additions. Powder. 5 - 80% tungsten substance, medium dustiness. Dust exposure is limited due to RMMs.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2b: Mixing operation - Blending of WC and/or W-mixtures with diamond in a batch. The duration of the activity is < 0,5 hour at room temperature.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3b:Transfer to containers - Transfer of WC and/or W-containing mixtures to containers at dedicated facilities. < 1 hour duration at room temperature. Powder. 5 - 80% tungsten substance. Medium dustiness. Dust exposure is limited due to RMM
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4b: Granulation (not always required) -
a) Granulation (with binder and solvent) of WC and/or W-containing mixtures at dedicated facilities. Duration of 1 - 8 hours at room temperature (depending on quantity).
OR
b) Mechanical granulation (no binder and solvent) of WC and/or W-containing mixtures at dedicated facilities. Duration of 1 - 4 hours at room temperature (depending on quantity). Powder and solvent. 5 - 80% WC or W substance. High dustiness at the beginning of the process, drops to low dustiness. Mechanical granulation (no binder and solvent) of WC and/or W-containing mixtures at dedicated facilities. Duration of 1 - 4 hours at room temperature (depending on quantity).
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5b: Cold pressing or hand filling of WC and/or W-containing mixture:
a) Cold pressing of WC and/or W-containing mixtures to the desired pre-shape at dedicated facilities. 8 hours duration at room temperature. Powder: 5 - 80% tungsten substance. Low dustiness.
OR
b) Hand filling of WC and/or W-containing mixtures into the graphite moulds at dedicated facilities. 8 hours duration at room temperature. Powder: 5 - 80% tungsten substance. Medium dustiness.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6b: Hot pressing / Sintering of WC and/or W-containing mixture. Hot pressing (or sintering) of WC and/or W-containing mixtures to the final shape at dedicated facilities. < 0,5 hour duration at higher temperature per cycle. Cold pressed, solid part. 5 - 80% tungsten substance. No dustiness
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Step 7b: Grinding of WC and/or W parts (segments) - Grinding of the hot pressed WC and/or W-containing parts (segments) at dedicated facilities. < 1 minute per piece duration at room temperature. Solid part. 5 - 80% tungsten substance. Dustiness during grinding.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 8b: Brazing or welding of WC and/or W-containing mixture - Brazing (or welding) of the hot pressed and ground WC and/or containing parts (segments) at dedicated facilities. < 1 minute per piece duration at higher temperature. Braze can create smoke during process.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR but not a lead’s own use

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of sintered hardmetal articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1: Transfer to mixer (OPTIONAL). The hardmetal powder is transferred to the mixer. Additives for extrusion pressing are added to the mixer. Exposure to hardmetal dust and additives at filling and handling operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2: Mixing (OPTIONAL). The hardmetal powder is mixed with the additives using a closed mixer. Closed system/containment. Limited worker exposure data available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3: Press charging - The hardmetal powder is filled into press dies. This operation may be an integrated part of the pressing operation, e.g., in automatic pressing. Exposure to hardmetal dust at filling and handling operations. Limited worker exposure data available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4: Pressing - The hardmetal powder is pressed to compacts by pressing, e.g., die pressing, isostatic pressing, extrusion pressing or other method. Exposure to hardmetal dust at non-enclosed operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5: Shaping (OPTIONAL) - The pressed hardmetal piece is shaped to desired shape in automated or manual processes. Exposure to hardmetal dust at non-enclosed operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6: Sintering - The pressed hardmetal pieces are sintered at temperatures above 1200°C to form dense metallic parts. No exposure to hardmetal powder. Potential exposure is to substances other than tungsten carbide (eg decomposition products of the pressing agent).
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Step 7: Grinding and/or turning (OPTIONAL) - The sintered hardmetal piece is wet or dry ground or turned in automated or manual processes.Hardmetal dust exposure at non-enclosed dry grinding operations. Wet grinding may entail exposure to droplets from the grinding fluid containing dissolved constituents in hardmetal.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 8: Edge rounding (OPTIONAL) - The edges of the sintered hardmetal piece are rounded by applying kinetic energy in various processes. Hardmetal dust exposure at non-enclosed pressing operations.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 9: Coating (OPTIONAL) - The sintered hardmetal piece is coated by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) or similar method. Closed system, containment. Potential exposure is to substances other than WC or hardmetal.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 10: Brazing or welding (OPTIONAL) - Hardmetal parts are brazed or welded. Braze can create smoke during process.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
Step 11: Marking (OPTIONAL) - The sintered hardmetal piece is marked by ingraving, paint or other method. Very low exposure of hardmetal dust, solvent or similar possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 12: Packaging - The sintered hardmetal piece is packaged, labelled, etc. and sent for storage or shipping. No exposure during these activities.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 0: Other: No PROC necessary
Name of activity / technique:
Step 13: Maintenance and cleaning - Various maintenance and cleaning operations inside and outside the equipment. Exposure to hardmetal powder or raw materials and organic vapour (if used) possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
in a mixture

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of powder mixtures containing fused carbide
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 4:
Step 1: Preparation of the mixed powder or “Premix”
Step 2: Granulation (Optional)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1: Preparation of the mixed powder or “Premix”
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
Step 1: Preparation of the mixed powder or “Premix”
Step 3: Packaging
Step 4: Maintenance and cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3: Packaging
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant

Referenceopen allclose all

Name:
Tungsten Carbide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
Tungsten Carbide
Name:
tungsten carbide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
tungsten carbide
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of hardmetal powder
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3: Milling
Step 5: Drying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1: Weighing in
Step 2: Filling the mill
Step 4: Emptying the mill
Step 6: Maintenance and cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5: Drying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of sintered hardmetal articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2: Mixing (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
Step 1: Transfer to mixer (OPTIONAL)
Step 3:Press charging
Step 13: Maintenance and cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4: Pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 21:
Step 5: Shaping (OPTIONAL)
Step 11: Marking (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6: Sintering
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 24:
Step 7: Grinding and/or turning (OPTIONAL)
Step 8: Edge rounding (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 10: Brazing or welding (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
in a mixture
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
GES4a: Production of tungsten carbide containing diamond tools
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 3:
GES4a: Step 2: Mixing operation
GES4b: Step 2: Mixing operation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
GES4a: Step 1: Transfer to the mixer
GES4a: Step 3: Transfer to containers
GES4b: Step 1: Transfer to the mixer and addition of diamond
GES4b: Step 3: Transfer to containers
GES4b: Step 5: Cold pressing or hand filling of WC and/or W-containing mixture
GES4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of WC and/or W-containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 14:
GES4b: Step 4: Granulation (not always required)
GES4b: Step 5: Cold pressing or hand filling of WC and/or W-containing mixture
GES 4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of WC and/or W-containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of WC and/or W-containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 7: Grinding of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten parts (segments)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 8: Brazing or welding of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Powder metallurgical production of tungsten carbide containing articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 2: Blending
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
GES5a: Step 1: Transfer to mixer
GES5a Step 3: Press charging
GES5a Step 8: Maintenance
GES 5b Step 4: Maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 4: Pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 22:
GES5a Step 6: Sintering
GES5a Step 7: Silver infiltration (for WC-Ag electrical contact articles only)

GES5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
GES5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Name of activity / technique:
GES5b Step 1: Forming of sintered WC-containing articles
GES5b Step 2: Machining of sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Ges5b Step 3: Other treatments for the sintered articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Name of activity / technique:
GES5a Step 5: Transfer to sintering
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of cutting tool blanks
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Name of activity / technique:
Production of cutting tool blanks
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Product category formulated:
PC 0: Other:
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
in a mixture

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Reference
Name:
tungsten carbide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
tungsten carbide
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of hardmetal powder
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3: Milling
Step 5: Drying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1: Weighing in
Step 2: Filling the mill
Step 4: Emptying the mill
Step 6: Maintenance and cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5: Drying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of hardmetal powder
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3: Milling
Step 5: Drying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1: Weighing in
Step 2: Filling the mill
Step 4: Emptying the mill
Step 6: Maintenance and cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5: Drying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 7: Industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Process category (PROC):
PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Reference
Name:
Tungsten Carbide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
Tungsten Carbide
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
in a mixture

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
GES4a: Production of tungsten carbide containing diamond tools
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 3:
GES4a: Step 2: Mixing operation
GES4b: Step 2: Mixing operation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
GES4a: Step 1: Transfer to the mixer
GES4a: Step 3: Transfer to containers
GES4b: Step 1: Transfer to the mixer and addition of diamond
GES4b: Step 3: Transfer to containers
GES4b: Step 5: Cold pressing or hand filling of WC and/or W-containing mixture
GES4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of WC and/or W-containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 14:
GES4b: Step 4: Granulation (not always required)
GES4b: Step 5: Cold pressing or hand filling of WC and/or W-containing mixture
GES 4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of WC and/or W-containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 6: Hot pressing / Sintering of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 7: Grinding of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten parts (segments)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
GES 4b: Step 8: Brazing or welding of tungsten carbide and/or tungsten containing mixture
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Formulation

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Powder metallurgical production of WC-containing articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1a: Transfer to mixer - The WC powder is transferred from the transport containers into a mixer. Alloying additives are filled into the mixer. Exposure to WC dust possible
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2a: Blending - The WC powder is mixed with the additives using a closed mixer. Containment/closed system.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3a: Press charging. The WC powder mixture is filled into pressing dies or rubber tubes. Exposure to WC dust possible during filling operation.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4a: Pressing - The WC powder mixture is pressed to parts by die or isostatic pressing using a closed pressing system. Closed pressing system/containment.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
Step 5a: Transfer to sintering - The pressed WC-containing parts are transferred and charged to the sinter furnace. Limited exposure to WC dust during the transfer and charging.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6a: Sintering - The pressed WC-containing parts are sintered at temperatures above 1200°C to form dense metallic parts or WC-sponge parts [see next step]. Sinter furnace is closed. Closed furnace/containment.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Step 7a: Silver infiltration (for WC-Ag electrical contact articles only). The sintered WC sponge parts are placed in contact with silver in a furnace and treated under reducing atmosphere above the melting point of silver, so that the WC sponge is fully infiltrated with silver. Closed furnace/containment.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Step 8a: Maintenance - Maintenance of production and ventilation equipment. Exposure to WC powder possible.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 1b: Forming of sintered WC-containing articles - The articles can be treated by forging, drawing and rolling using open processes. Exposure to WC possible
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2b: Machining of sintered articles - The articles can be treated by cutting, turning, milling, grinding, etc. Exposure to WC dust possible during grinding.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 3b: Other treatments for the sintered articles: Cleaning, polishing of the articles; annealing, brazing of the articles; bending, spinning of the articles; or welding of the articles. Potential exposure to fumes during welding.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
as such
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR but not a lead’s own use

Formulation

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant

Referenceopen allclose all

Name:
Tungsten Carbide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
Tungsten Carbide
Name:
tungsten carbide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
tungsten carbide
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of sintered hardmetal articles
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Step 2: Mixing (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 8b:
Step 1: Transfer to mixer (OPTIONAL)
Step 3:Press charging
Step 13: Maintenance and cleaning
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Name of activity / technique:
Step 4: Pressing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 21:
Step 5: Shaping (OPTIONAL)
Step 11: Marking (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 6: Sintering
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
The following activities were individually coded as PROC 24:
Step 7: Grinding and/or turning (OPTIONAL)
Step 8: Edge rounding (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Step 10: Brazing or welding (OPTIONAL)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Product category formulated:
PC 7: Base metals and alloys
Substance supplied to that use in form of:
in a mixture