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EC number: 235-123-0 | CAS number: 12070-12-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1998-03-02 to 1999-09-08
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Well documented, scientifically sound study that was conducted according to GLP and OECD Guideline 405 with no deviations.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- assessment report
Reference
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
In a semi-occlusive skin irritation study conducted on rabbits according to OECD 404, tungsten carbide (WC) elicited no dermal irritation. In an eye irritation study conducted on rabbits according to OECD 405, instillation of WC into the rabbit elicited transient very slight to well-defined conjunctival irritation only. Based on the results of this study, WC can be considered as non-irritant.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 21 for Tungsten Carbide (12070-12-1), Washington DC,18-20 October, 2005
- Author:
- OECD-SIDS
- Year:
- 2 005
- Bibliographic source:
- UNEP Publications
- Report date:
- 2005
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tungsten carbide
- EC Number:
- 235-123-0
- EC Name:
- Tungsten carbide
- Cas Number:
- 12070-12-1
- Molecular formula:
- CW
- IUPAC Name:
- tungsten(4+) methanetetraide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material: Tungsten Carbide Powder - Pure
- Source: Supplied by the Sponsor
- Physical state: Grey powder
- Analytical purity: >99.98%
- Purity test date: January 27, 1998
- Stability under test conditions: Stable
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan UK Ltd, Bicester, Oxon, England
- Age at study initiation: 13 to 15 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 3.1 to 3.5 kg
- Housing:Individually in metal cages with perforated floors.
- Diet (ad libitum): ad libitum STANRAB (P) SQC Rabbit Diet
- Water (eg ad libitum): ad libitium
- Acclimation period: Yes, but no time span given.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 to 22
- Humidity (%): 34 - 65%
- Air changes (per hr): 19
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12 (0700 - 1900 hours)
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 1998-03-02 To: 1998-03-08
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): Weight of 0.1 mL test material (100 mg); 579, 526, 590. Mean weight of 0.1 mL test substance: 565 mg. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- A single instillation
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 3 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): Not rinsed
SCORING SYSTEM: Ocular irritation was scored according to Draize.
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: handheld light
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- for all three animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- for all three animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Remarks:
- No iridial iritation or damage was observed throughout the study
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- for all three animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 days
- Remarks on result:
- probability of weak irritation
- Remarks:
- Redness
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 days
- Remarks on result:
- probability of weak irritation
- Remarks:
- Redness
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- - No corneal damage or iridial inflammation was observed.
- Other effects:
- - A diffuse crimson colouration of the conjuctivae with or without slight swelling (grade 1 or 2) was seen in two animals up to 24 hours; in the remaining rabbit chemosis grade 1 was observed only 1 hour after instillation; 48 hours after instillation all ocular reactions had resolved. Tungsten carbide
showed only a transient very slight to well-defined conjunctival irritation.
- Transient hyperaemia of blood vessels was observed in the remaining rabbit. These reactions had resolved by either one or two days after instillation.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Instillation of Tungsten Carbide Powder - Pure into the rabbit eye elicited transient very slight to well-defined conjunctival irritation only. Based on theresults of this study, tungsten carbide can be considered as non-irritant.
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