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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 214-244-2 | CAS number: 1117-31-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 17.5 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 311.8 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAECcorr = NOAELdermal*(1/0.38 m³/kg bw/day)*(ABSdermal-rat/ABSinh-human)*(6.7 m³ (8h)/10 m³ (8h)) = 1488 mg/kg bw/day*(1/0.38 m³/kg bw/day)*(0.5/1)*0.67 = 1311.8 mg/m³. Due to the absence of route-specific information on the starting (dermal) and end (inhalation) route, a worst case approach has to be made assuming a limited absorption for the starting route (dermal) and a maximum absorption for the end route (inhalation). By default, the oral absorption rate is considered to be half of that of the inhalation absorption. Since dermal absorption is generally considered to be as high as oral absorption, it is thus assumed that dermal absorption rate is 50% of that of inhalation absorption (factor: 0.5/1). ABSdermal-rat=dermal absorption rate in rats, ABSinh-human=inhalation absorption rate in humans.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a 28-day study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- AF not used for inhalation route
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default AF for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The selected study is the most adequate and reliable study.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.96 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 488 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No route-to-route extrapolation is required.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a 28-day study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default AF for rats
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default AF for workers
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The selected study is the most adequate and reliable study.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
SUBSTANCE-TAILORED EXPOSURE DRIVEN TESTING
In accordance with Annex XI, Section 3 of Regulation (EC) 1907/2006, testing in accordance with Sections 8.7 of Annex VIII and/or IX was omitted, based on the exposure scenario(s) developed in the Chemical Safety Report, meeting the criteria set out in Annex XI Section 3.2(a).
In particular, in accordance with Annex XI Section 3.2 (a)(ii), the manufacturer or importer shall demonstrate and document that following condition is also fulfilled:
“a DNEL or a PNEC can be derived from results of available test data for the substance concerned taking full account of the increased uncertainty resulting from the omission of the information requirement, and that DNEL or PNEC is relevant and appropriate both to the information requirement to be omitted and for risk assessment purposes”
As required under Regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annex XI, 3.2 (a)(ii), the appropriate DNELs were derived using the available data, and applied to derive Risk Characterisation Ratios (RCRs).
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.3 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 646.9 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAECcorr = NOAELdermal*(1/1.15 m³/kg bw/day)*(ABSdermal-rat/ABSinh-human) = 1488 mg/kg bw/day*(1/1.15 m³/kg bw/day)*(0.5/1) = 646.9 mg/m³. Due to the absence of route-specific information on the starting (dermal) and end (inhalation) route, a worst case approach has to be made assuming a limited absorption for the starting route (dermal) and a maximum absorption for the end route (inhalation). By default, the oral absorption rate is considered to be half of that of the inhalation absorption. Since dermal absorption is generally considered to be as high as oral absorption, it is thus assumed that dermal absorption rate is 50% of that of inhalation absorption (factor: 0.5/1). ABSdermal-rat=dermal absorption rate in rats, ABSinh-human=inhalation absorption rate in humans.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a 28-day study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- AF not used for inhalation route
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default AF for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The selected study is the most adequate and reliable study.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 488 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No route-to-route extrapolation is required.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a 28-day study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default AF for rats
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default AF for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The selected study is the most adequate and reliable study.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 488 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
NOAELcorr = NOAELdermal*(ABSdermal-rat/ABSoral-human) = (1488 mg/kg bw/day)*(1/1) = 1488 mg/kg bw/day. It is assumed that the dermal absorption rate is 100% of that of the oral absorption according to ECHA CSA Guidance Chapter R.7c Figure R.7.12-5. ABSdermal-rat = dermal absorption rate in rats, ABSoral-human = oral absorption rate in humans.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a NOAEL
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- DNEL is based on a 28-day study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default AF for rats
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default AF
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default AF for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The selected study is the most adequate and reliable study.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
SUBSTANCE-TAILORED EXPOSURE DRIVEN TESTING
In accordance with Annex XI, Section 3 of Regulation (EC) 1907/2006, testing in accordance with Sections 8.7 of Annex VIII and/or IX was omitted, based on the exposure scenario(s) developed in the Chemical Safety Report, meeting the criteria set out in Annex XI Section 3.2(a).
In particular, in accordance with Annex XI Section 3.2 (a)(ii), the manufacturer or importer shall demonstrate and document that following condition is also fulfilled:
“a DNEL or a PNEC can be derived from results of available test data for the substance concerned taking full account of the increased uncertainty resulting from the omission of the information requirement, and that DNEL or PNEC is relevant and appropriate both to the information requirement to be omitted and for risk assessment purposes”
As required under Regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annex XI, 3.2 (a)(ii), the appropriate DNELs were derived using the available data, and applied to derive Risk Characterisation Ratios (RCRs).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.