Sodium permanganate

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

04.04-2006 - 21.04.2006

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP study performed according to the appropriate guideline

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2006

Report date:

2006

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Test substance concentrations measured in the test solution decreased by more than 20% during the test. This minor deviation did not affect the outcome of the study.

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Test substance concentrations measured in the test solution decreased by more than 20% during the test. This minor deviation did not affect the outcome of the study.

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Potassium permanganate

EC Number:

231-760-3

EC Name:

Potassium permanganate

Cas Number:

7722-64-7

IUPAC Name:

potassium oxido(trioxo)manganese

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

KMnO4

IUPAC Name:

KMnO4

Details on test material:

Appearance of potassium permanganate - Dark violet, purple crystalling powder with bronze lustre.
Batch number – 69
Impurities - manganese dioxide - cc 0.1%

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Potassium permanganate is being used as a surrogate for sodium permanganate. Read-across from potassium permanganate to sodium permanganate is appropriate from the ecotoxicological point of view as the most toxicologically relevant part of the substances is the same (permanganate). The contribution of the sodium/potassium ions to the toxicity of the respective substances is likely to be minimal. The toxicity of both substances is therefore likely to be very similar and will be dominated by local (site of contact) irritant/corrosive effects and systemic toxicity due to the absorption of manganese ions.

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Concentrations were verified analytically at the start and end of each 24 hour exposure period. Samples were stored at room temperature prior to analysis.

Fish mortality was observed every 24 hours and pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen was measured at the same intervals.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test material was soluble in water in the range of concentration tested.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Juveniles Daphnia magna Straus were obtained by parthogenesis from the laboratory breeding stock. Juveniles less than 24 hours old were used to initiate the study.

Study design

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

Not applicable

Test conditions

Hardness:

The dilution water should have a sum value of Ca + Mg ions of 2.5 mmol/L. Measured values were 2.56 and 2.53 mmol/L at 0 and 24 hours.

Test temperature:

Measured range during the exposure period was 20.8 to 21.2

pH:

pH was measured as 7.8 in all test media over the duration of the study.

Dissolved oxygen:

Measured range was 8.1-8.3 mg/L

Salinity:

Not applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations 0 (control), 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 mg/L. It was not possible to measure concentrations below 0.16 mg/L., the limit of quantification was 0.05 mg/L and the limit of detexction was 0.015 mg/L. Measured concentrations at the start of each exposure period were found in the 0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 mg/L treatments, after the 24 hour exposure period it was only possible to measure the concentrations in the 0.64 mg/L treatment. The results of the study was basd on the nominal exposure concentrations.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted with two replicates each of 10 Daphnia.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.15 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 0.11-0.18 mg/L

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.06 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 0.05-0.07 mg/L

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.02 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.01 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Results with reference substance (positive control):

The sensitivity of the Daphnia culture is periodically verified by testing the reference substance, potassium dichromate. The results of the verification test carried out in March 2006 gave a 48h EC50 of 0.65 mg/L (95% CI limits of 0.54 – 0.76 mg/L). This result is within the range for potassium dichromate provided by the Centre for Assessment of Laboratories of T.G. Masaryk Water Research Institute Prague in 2005 of between 0.49 – 1.37 mg/L.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The NOEC and EC100 values were identified by direct observation. The EC50 values were calculated by means of software 'Toxicity' (product of Water Research Institute, Ostrava, Czech Republic. The nominal concentration of the test substance was used for all evaluations and results.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Measured test substance concentrations during the definitive study

Nominal Conc. (mg/L)	Determined conc. 0 hours [mg/L]	Determined conc. 24 hours Solution 1  [mg/L]	Determined conc. 24 hours Solution 2  [mg/L]	Determined conc. 48 hours Solution 2  [mg/L]
0.01	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)
0.02	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)
0.04	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)
0.08	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)	< LOQ (< LOD)
0.16	0.0661	< LOQ (< LOD)	0.0992	< LOQ (< LOD)
0.32	0.1562	< LOQ (< LOD)	0.2507	< LOQ (< LOD)
0.64	0.5190	0.0780	0.5954	0.3297

LOD: Limit of detection (0.015 mg/L), LOQ: Limit of quantification (0.050 mg/L)

Cumulative immobilisation of Daphnia – definitive study

Nominal concentration (mg/L)	Cumulative % immobilisedDaphnia
	24 hours	48 hours
Control	0	0
0.01	0	0
0.320.02	0	10
0.04	5	35
0.08	5	65
0.16	60	95
0.32	95	100
0.64	100	100

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A 48 hour acute semi-static toxicity study with Daphnia magna was performed to assess the toxicity of potassium permanganate. The study was performed according to GLP and the OECD 202Test Guideline. The 48 hour EC50 was calculated to be 0.06 mg/L, with 95% confidence limits of 0.05 to 0.07 mg/L (based nominal exposure concentrations), the corresponding NOEC was 0.01 mg/L.

Executive summary:

A 48 hour acute semi-static toxicity study withDaphnia magnawas performed to assess the toxicity of potassium permanganate. The study was performed according to GLP and the OECD 202Test Guideline. The 48 hour EC50 was calculated to be 0.06 mg/L, with 95% confidence limits of 0.05 to 0.07 mg/L (based nominal exposure concentrations), the corresponding NOEC was 0.01 mg/L.