Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 236-675-5 | CAS number: 13463-67-7
Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remarks'
- Remarks:
- The references contained in this summary entry represent investigations on the effect of bulk titanium dioxide on different aquatic species following short- or long-term exposure, with very limited value for risk assessment purposes. All references do not fulfil the criteria for quality, reliability and adequacy of experimental data for the fulfilment of data requirements under REACH and hazard assessment purposes (ECHA guidance R4 in conjunction with regulation (EC) 1907/2006, Annexes VII-X). The information contained therein were included for information purposes only.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Evaluation of the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on cultured Rana catesbeiana tailfin tissue
- Author:
- Hammond, S.A. et al.
- Year:
- 2 013
- Bibliographic source:
- Front Genet. 2013 Nov 21;4:251
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effect of nanomaterials on the compound action potential of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas
- Author:
- Windeatt, K.M.; Handy, R.D.
- Year:
- 2 013
- Bibliographic source:
- Nanotoxicology 7, 378-388
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Hammond et al. (2013):
test organism: Rana catesbeiana; The effect of micro-sized titanium dioxide on the gene expression of tissue of tadpoles tailfin was investigated after 48 h of incubation.
Windeatt & Handy (2013:
test organism: Carcinus maenas; The effect of titanium dioxide on the single action potential of nerve cells of frogs was investigated by in vitro testing.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Titanium dioxide
- EC Number:
- 236-675-5
- EC Name:
- Titanium dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 13463-67-7
- Molecular formula:
- O2Ti
- IUPAC Name:
- dioxotitanium
- Test material form:
- solid: bulk
- Details on test material:
- - Name of tested material:
Windeatt & Handy (2013: titanium dioxide (ACROS, USA, anatase/rutile 75/25)
Hammond et al. (2013): Titanium dioxide (TIONA AT-1, Christal Global, Belgium, anatase)
- Particle size:
Windeatt & Handy (2013: 134.1 ± 42.5 nm
Hammond et al. (2013): 200-220 nm
- Purity:
Windeatt & Handy (2013: 98.0 - 105 %
Hammond et al. (2013): 98.5 %
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Details on sampling:
- Analytical confirmation of test concentration:
Windeatt & Handy (2013: no
Hammond et al. (2013): no
Test organisms
- Aquatic vertebrate type (other than fish):
- other: Windeatt & Handy (2013: crab, Hammond et al. (2013): frog
- Test organisms (species):
- other: see below
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ANIMALS
- test organism:
Windeatt & Handy (2013: Carcinus maenas
Hammond et al. (2013): Rana catesbeiana
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Windeatt & Handy (2013: at least 5 stimulations; Hammond et al. (2013): 48 h
Test conditions
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Windeatt & Handy (2013): 0 (control 1 and 2), 1 mg TiO2 NP/L
Hammond et al. (2013): 0 (control), 0.1, 1.0, and 10 nM TiO2
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Conc. based on:
- other:
- Remarks on result:
- other: Windeatt & Handy (2013: no significant effects were observed
- Conc. based on:
- other:
- Remarks on result:
- other: Hammond et al. (2013): effects on gene expression were observed
Any other information on results incl. tables
All studies have methodological shortcomings so that reported effects cannot be considered reliable and/or relevant for the risk assessment as follows:
Windeatt & Handy (2013): single concentration was tested, in vitro testing of isolated nerve cells is no relevant examination
Hammond et al. (2013):in vitro testing of isolated tissue is no relevant examination
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- All studies have methodological shortcomings so that reported effects cannot be considered reliable.
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