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EC number: 236-675-5 | CAS number: 13463-67-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Nanomaterial dustiness
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- nanomaterial dustiness
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 019
- Report date:
- 2019
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN EN 481
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 55992-1:2006
- Version / remarks:
- Determination of a parameter for the dust formation of pigments and extenders - Part 1: Rotation method
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Heubach dust meter was connected to a seven stage cascade impactor
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- rotating cylinder
- Remarks:
- Heubach dust meter connected to a seven-stage cascade impactor
- Details on methods and data evaluation:
- The modified Heubach procedure was applied. The substance sample was mechanically stressed in a rotating drum (dust generation device), and both the dust already contained in this sample and the dust generated due to abrasion were removed from the dust generation device by an air current. The proportion of dust separated and considered as dust with the ability to become airborne was fed into a seven-stage cascade impactor connected to the dust generation device. Particle size classification was conducted by subsequent weighing of the respective dust masses deposited on the individual cascade stages reflecting certain particle size ranges.
The “total dustiness” value was determined as the ratio of the mass of removed dust to the total sample mass initially weighed in.
Subsequently, the dustiness values for the inhalable, thoracic and alveolar fractions according to DIN EN 481 were determined
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Titanium dioxide
- EC Number:
- 236-675-5
- EC Name:
- Titanium dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 13463-67-7
- Molecular formula:
- O2Ti
- IUPAC Name:
- dioxotitanium
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- Appearance: white odourless powder
Relative density: ~ 3.9
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Product name: Sample G6-3
Appearance: white odourless powder
Substance stability: Stable under normal conditions
Substance humidity (by DMT): 0.4
Data gathering
- Instruments:
- Heubach dust meter:
- Volume: 2.2 L
- Rotation: 30 rpm
- Air flow: 20 L/min
Cascade impactor:
- Number of cascades: 7 between approx. 0.3 µm and 30 µm
- Air flow: 40 L/min
The rotating drum requires an air flow rate of approx. 20 L/min in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications, the cascade impactor requires an air flow rate of 40 L/min in order to work properly. Therefore, 20 L/min of additional air is fed into the system via the coarse dust separator.
By introducing a glass tubing, the dust generated in the rotating drum is now directly conveyed into the cascade impactor. The vessel used as the coarse dust seperator in the original set-up now only serves as a tool to introduce additional air and for the purpose of visual inspection.
The 20 L/min additional air required for the functioning of the cascade impactor are channelled off the exhaust air current of the cascade impactor via a three-way valve on the pressure side of the vacuum pump. For the detailed experimental setup please refer to the attached Illustration.
Results and discussion
Dustiness indexopen allclose all
- Key result
- Mean:
- 662 210 mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Total dustiness
- Mean:
- 474 750 mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Inhalable fraction
- Mean:
- 325 980 mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Thoracic fraction
- Mean:
- 161 350 mg/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: Respirable fraction
Any other information on results incl. tables
Dust masses and calculated relations (Pass/Residue) on the impactor stages
Impactor stage | Average aerodyn. diameter | Calculated particles size | Separated dust mass | Pass | Residue |
| dae [μm] | dg [μm] | [mg] | D [%] | [%] |
Limit inhalable fraction*1) | 100 | - | - | 100 |
|
A | 32.40 | 16.41 | 226.53 | 65.83 | 34.17 |
B | 15.80 | 8.00 | 80.90 | 53.63 | 46.37 |
C | 8.13 | 4.12 | 58.15 | 44.86 | 55.14 |
D | 4.06 | 2.06 | 149.24 | 22.35 | 77.65 |
E | 2.04 | 1.03 | 100.36 | 7.21 | 92.79 |
F | 0.99 | 0.50 | 37.2 | 11.60 | 98.40 |
G | 0.47 | 0.24 | 8.16 | 0.37 | 99.63 |
<G*2) | <0.47 | <0.24 | 2.42 |
|
|
| |||||
Extrapolated total dust quantity*3) | 659.84 mg | ||||
Total dust mass, including impactor correction*4) | 662.96 mg | ||||
Total dustiness of the examined sample (incl. correction) | 662.2078 mg/g |
1)According EN 481 for the inhalable fraction exists an upper limit which is defined for the aerodynamic particle size of 100 μm. This corresponds with a mass limit of 100 % for the total dust which can be inhaled (EN 481 chap. 5 “agreement of conventions”).
2)The dust mass is taken into account with the impactor stage "< G" (which was validated independently of the substance in earlier investigations) which is removed from the impactor with the exhaust air (mass extrapolation).
3)The "extrapolated total dust quantity" takes into account the dust masses separated at the individual impactor stages (without mass of stage "< G"). The dust masses separated at the individual impactor stages are evaluated with experimentally determined correction factors, taking into account the various separating strengths of the impactor stages (manufacturer’s specifications).
4)The "total dust mass including impactor correction" is the total mass from impactor stage A to G plus the extrapolated mass from stage "< G".
This cumulated particle size distribution (CPSD) was then differentiated for particle size dae, to calculate the frequency distribution data.
Characteristics data of the frequency distribution of the inhalable fine dust
Particle size | Residue | Average particle size | Slope of CPSD |
dae [μm] | [%] | dae av. [μm] | D' |
0.47 | 99.63 | 0.73 | 2.37 |
0.99 | 98.40 | 1.52 | 5.35 |
2.04 | 92.79 | 3.05 | 7.49 |
4.06 | 77.65 | 6.10 | 5.53 |
8.13 | 55.14 | 11.97 | 1.14 |
15.80 | 46.37 | 24.10 | 0.74 |
32.40 | 34.17 | 49.20 | 0.59 |
66.00 | 14.29 | 83.00 |
|
100.00 | 0.00 |
|
|
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The dustiness values for the Sample G6-3 were determined and calculated according to DIN EN 481:
- Total dustiness: 662.21 [mg/g]
- Inhalable fraction: 474.75 [mg/g]
- Thoracic fraction: 325.98 [mg/g]
- Respirable fraction: 161.35 [mg/g]
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