Reaction mass of aluminium chloride, iron dichloride, magnesium chloride and manganese dichloride

Endpoint summary

Additional information

Iron, manganese, and aluminium are present in considerable levels in all environmental media. The following Table summarizes the levels considered as background concentrations to be compared with the respective PNEC according to ECHA (2008). In case the background is found significant compared to the PNEC and the Added Risk Approach will be to be applied, while in case PNECs are in the order of the background the Total Risk Approach will be used. Whenever no PNEC can be derived the background levels will be compared with PECadd (increase of the total concentration caused by the uses of the submission item). Insignificant PECadd compared to the background concentrations, i.e. < 1% increase, will be evaluated as not hazardous to the environment.

 

Metal species	Concentration in medium (upper level if range)
	Surface freshwater		Freshwater sediment		Soil
	[µg/L]	Reference	[g/kg d.w.]	Reference	[g/kg d.w.]	Reference
Iron	66	Gaillardet et al 2003	20	Vangheluwe et al 2010	21	Vangheluwe et al 2010
Manganese	34*	Gaillardet et al 2003	1.26	Heiny & Tate 1997	0.55*	Donisa et al 2000 & WHO 2004
Aluminium	50	Jones & Bennett 1985	27	Vangheluwe et al 2010	30	Vangheluwe et al 2010

* considered an natural background concentration, i.e. not anthropogenically influenced

• Donisa C, Mocanu R, Steinnes E, Vasu A (2000). Heavy metal pollution by atmospheric transport in natural soils from the northern part of Eastern Carpathians. Water, Air and Soil Pollution: 120(3–):347–58
• ECHA European Chemicals Agency (2008) Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Appendix R.7.13-2: Environmental risk assessment for metals and metal compounds. 74 p
• Gaillardet J, ViersJ, Dupré B (2003). Trace elements in river waters. IN: Drever JI (Ed) Surface waters and Ground water, Weathering, and Soils, Treatise on Geochemistry. Vol 5 Elsevier ( Amsterdam), pp 225-272
• Heiny JS, Tate CM (1997). Concentration, distribution, and comparison of selected trace elements in bed sediment and fish tissue in the South Platte River Basin, USA, 1992–1993. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 32:246-59
• Jones KC & Bennett BG (1985). Exposure commitment assessments of environmental pollutants. London, University of London, King's College. Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre, MARC Technical Report 33, 33 pp
• Vangheluwe M, Vercaigne I, Vandenbroele M, Shtiza A, Heijerick D (2010). White Paper on exposure based waiving for iron and aluminium in soil and sediments. ARCHE, Stapelplein 70, Box 104, 9000 Gent, Belgium
• WHO World Health Organization (2004). Manganese and its Compounds: Environmental Aspects. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 63, Corrigenda published by 12 April 2005 have been incorporated. Self-published, Geneva, Switzerland

Iron natural background concentration in different media