Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 701-325-7 | CAS number: -
Phototransformation in water
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Iron exposure to light gives reduction of the ferric form. Equilibrium speciation rather than unidirectional reaction applies under environmental conditions. The speciation of manganese and aluminium is not photosensitive.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Iron
The critical information from the SIAR (SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 24, Paris, France, 17-20 April 2007) is as follows: Barbeau (2006) indicates that >99% of dissolved iron in seawater is bound to organic ligands. Iron in the ferrous form is subject to phototransformations. This mechanistically-complex process is well-known in the general scientific literature, and has been reported in respect of the speciation of marine iron (Hong and Kester 1986). Ferrous sulphate and ferrous chloride are reducing agents, and exposure to light gives reduction of the ferric form. This paper reports low concentration of ferrous apart from the top metre of water where light can penetrate, and the very deep anaerobic environments. The same basic principles apply in non-marine surface waters (Emmenegger 2001). At night, oxidation of ferrous by oxygen occurs; under natural sunlight the reduction of complex ferric is more rapid than the oxidation.
Rose and Waite (2003) describe how the speciation of iron in the ecosystem can be modelled. Photodegradation of organically bound iron (III) complexes typical to boreal forests and tundra soil can be a significant source of inorganic iron in certain rivers and lakes, forming additional ferric hydroxide precipitates to sediments (Kopacek et al 2005).
Manganese and Aluminium
The literature search revealed no evidence for phototransformation of manganese or aluminium under environmental conditions. It is thus concluded that the speciation of manganese and aluminium is not photosensitive.
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