Fatty acids, C12-14, .alpha.-sulfo, disodium salts

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

11 Jan 2016 to 21 Jan 2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2016

Report date:

2016

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

Jul 21, 1997

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Version / remarks:

30 May 2008

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)

Version / remarks:

Aug, 1998

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

tetrasodium 2-sulfonatododecanoate 2-sulfonatotetradecanoate

Cas Number:

2156594-77-1

Molecular formula:

Unspecified

IUPAC Name:

tetrasodium 2-sulfonatododecanoate 2-sulfonatotetradecanoate

Test material form:

solid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Lot/batch No.of test material: Ra-He 2014-054
- Test substance No.: 15/0531-1
- Purity test date: 100 % UVCB
- Homogeity: The homogeneity of the test substance was ensured by mixing before preparation of the test substance solutions.
- Appearance: Solid, beige

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature
- Storage stability: The stability of the test substance under storage conditions is guaranteed until Oct 2016

TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
The test substance was weighed and topped up with the chosen vehicle to achieve the required concentration of the stock solution. The test substance was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). To achieve a clear solution of the test substance in the vehicle, the test substance preparation was treated with ultrasonic waves and was shaken thoroughly. The further concentrations were diluted from the stock solution according to the planned doses. All test substance formulations were prepared immediately before administration.

Method

Target gene:

- S. typhimurium: his
- E. coli: trp

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

phenobarbital and β-naphthoflavone induces rat liver S9 mix

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

- Standard plate test: 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500 and 5000 μg/plate
- Preincubation test: 33; 100; 333; 1000; 2500 and 5000 μg/plate

In agreement with the recommendations of current guidelines 5 mg/plate or 5 μL/plate were generally selected as maximum test dose at least in the 1st Experiment. However, this maximum dose was tested even in the case of relatively insoluble test compounds to detect possible mutagenic impurities. Furthermore, doses > 5 mg/plate or > 5 μL/plate might also be tested in repeat experiments for further clarification/substantiation.

Vehicle / solvent:

Due to the insolubility of the test substance in water, DMSO was used as vehicle, which had been demonstrated to be suitable in bacterial reverse mutation tests and for which historical control data are available

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

sterility control

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

9-aminoacridine

other: N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NOPD), 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

- EXPERIMENT 1:
METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation) (SPT)

DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48-72 h at 37°C

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- decrease in the number of revertants (factor ≤ 0.6)
- clearing or diminution of the background lawn (= reduced his- or trp- background growth)


- EXPERIMENT 2:
METHOD OF APPLICATION: preincubation (PIT)

DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 min at 37°C
- Exposure duration: 48-72 h at 37°C

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- decrease in the number of revertants (factor ≤ 0.6)
- clearing or diminution of the background lawn (= reduced his- or trp- background growth)

Evaluation criteria:

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
Generally, the experiment was considered valid if the following criteria were met:
- The number of revertant colonies in the negative controls was within the range of the historical negative control data for each tester strain
- The sterility controls revealed no indication of bacterial contamination.
- The positive control substances both with and without S9 mix induced a distinct increase in the number of revertant colonies within the range of the historical positive control data or above.
- Fresh bacterial culture containing approximately 109 cells per mL were used.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
The test substance was considered positive in this assay if the following criteria were met:
- A dose-related and reproducible increase in the number of revertant colonies, i.e. at least doubling (bacteria strains with high spontaneous mutation rate, like TA 98, TA 100 and E.coli WP2 uvrA) or tripling (bacteria strains with low spontaneous mutation rate, like TA 1535 and TA 1537) of the spontaneous mutation rate in at least one tester strain either without S9 mix or after adding a metabolizing system.
A test substance was generally considered non-mutagenic in this test if:
- The number of revertants for all tester strains were within the range of the historical negative control data under all experimental conditions in at least two experiments carried out independently of each other.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100

Remarks:

SPT

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

≥ 2500 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Remarks:

SPT

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100

Remarks:

PIT

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

≥ 2500 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Remarks:

PIT

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TOXICITY
A bacteriotoxic effect (reduced his- background growth, decrease in the number of his+ revertants) was observed in the standard plate and preincubation test depending on the strain and test conditions from about 2500 μg/plate onward.

SOLUBILITY
Test substance precipitation was found at 5000 μg/plate with and without S9 mix.