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EC number: 401-300-8 | CAS number: 86168-95-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 23.51 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 3.33 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - workers
1. Identification of relevant dose descriptor
For the derivation of the DNELs, the 28-Day oral toxicity study in rats was qualified as the most relevant study. The dose descriptor chosen was the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg/day.
2. Mode of action
No non-threshold mode of action is associated with the test substance. In particular, the test substance has no genotoxic potential.
3. Correction of dose descriptor
NOAEL (oral) is converted into a NOAEL(corrected) in accordance to guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.8: Characterization of dose[concentration]-response for human health, ECHA, May 2008.
Workers: NOAEL (oral) = 1000 mg/kg bw =>NOAEL(corrected)= 1763 mg/m3
4. Application of assessment factors
The following assessment factors according to "ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R8" were chosen: A correction for differences in metabolic rate per body weight was made by an allometric scaling factor of 4 (except for inhalation). Intraspecies differences account for a factor of 5. Interspecies variations account for a factor of 2.5. For exposure duration a factor of 6 is employed. Overall, assessment factors of 300 and 75 were employed for oral/dermal and inhalation route, respectively.
5. Selection of the critical DNEL(s)/DMELs and/or qualitative/semi-quantitative descriptor for critical health effects
DNELs - acute, systemic; inhalation & dermal routes:
According to the ECHA document "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose[concentration]-response for human health", a DNEL for acute systemic toxicity should only be derived if an acute systemic toxicity hazard leading to classification is identified. Referring to the available data on acute toxicity, the test item displays low acute toxicity as evidenced by LD50 values of > 5000 mg/kg bw and > 2000 mg/kg bw determined in rats for the oral and the dermal route, respectively. Therefore, the test item is not subject to classification for acute toxicity according to Directive 67/548/EEC and Regulation 1272/2008/EC, and consequently the derivation of worker DNELs for acute/short-term exposure - systemic effects is not required.
DNELs - acute & long-term, local; inhalation & dermal routes:
Based on the available key toxicological information, the test item is not subject to classification for skin and eye irritation and skin sensitization. Accordingly, no worker DNELs for local effects following acute/short-term or long-term exposure are derived. This is in line with the ECHA guidance document (Chapter R.8).
DNEL - long-term, systemic, dermal:
The dermal route is typically covered by oral route information in the absence of data for this administration route.
NOAEL (oral) / Sum of assessment factors applicable
1000 mg/kg body weight / 300 = 3.33 mg/kg body weight
DNEL - long-term, systemic, inhalation:
NOAEL (corrected) / Sum of assessment factors applicable
1763 mg/m3 /75= 23.51 mg/m3
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5.8 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.67 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.67 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - General Population
1. Identification of relevant dose descriptor
For the derivation of the DNELs, the 28-Day oral toxicity study in rats was qualified as the most relevant study. The dose descriptor chosen was the NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg/day.
2. Mode of action
No non-threshold mode of action is associated with the test substance. In particular, the test substance has no genotoxic potential.
3. Correction of dose descriptor
NOAEL (oral) is converted into a NOAEL(corrected) in accordance to guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.8: Characterization of dose[concentration]-response for human health, ECHA, May 2008.
General population: NOAEL (oral) = 1000 mg/kg body weight =>NOAEL(corrected)= 869.6 mg/m3
4. Application of assessment factors
The following assessment factors according to "ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R8" were chosen: A correction for differences in metabolic rate per body weight was made by an allometric scaling factor of 4 (except for inhalation). Intraspecies differences account for a factor of 5. Interspecies variations account for a factor of 2.5. For exposure duration a factor of 6 is employed. Overall, assessment factors of 600 and 150 were employed for oral/dermal and inhalation route, respectively.
5. Selection of the critical DNEL(s)/DMELs and/or qualitative/semi-quantitative descriptor for critical health effects
DNELs - acute, systemic; oral, inhalation & dermal routes:
According to the ECHA document "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose[concentration]-response for human health", a DNEL for acute systemic toxicity should only be derived if an acute systemic toxicity hazard leading to classification is identified. Referring to the available data on acute toxicity, the test item displays low acute toxicity as evidenced by LD50 values of > 5000 mg/kg bw and > 2000 mg/kg bw determined in rats for the oral and the dermal route, respectively. Therefore, the test item is not subject to classification for acute toxicity according to Directive 67/548/EEC and Regulation 1272/2008/EC, and consequently the derivation of general population DNELs for acute/short-term exposure - systemic effects is not required.
DNELs - acute & long-term, local; inhalation & dermal routes:
Based on the available key toxicological information, the test item is not subject to classification for skin and eye irritation and skin sensitization. Accordingly, no general population DNELs for local effects following acute/short-term or long-term exposure are derived. This is in line with the ECHA guidance document (Chapter R.8).
DNEL - long-term, dermal, systemic:
The dermal route is typically covered by oral route information in the absence of data for this administration route.
NOAEL (oral) / Sum of assessment factors applicable
1000 mg/kg body weight / 600 = 1.67 mg/kg body weight
DNEL - long-term, inhalation, systemic:
NOAEL (corrected) / Sum of assessment factors applicable
869.6 mg/m3 /150= 5.8 mg/m3
DNEL - long-term, oral, systemic:
NOAEL (oral) / Sum of assessment factors applicable
1000 mg/kg body weight / 600 = 1.67 mg/kg body weight
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

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