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EC number: 235-120-4 | CAS number: 12070-08-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- other toxicological threshold
- Value:
- 3 mg/m³
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
No substance specific data on repeated dose toxicity is available for titanium carbide. Due to similar physico-chemical properties, similar or lower transformation/dissolution results and similar or lower in vitro bioaccessibility in synthetic body fluids compared to titanium dioxide, data from TiO2 can be used for read-across.
Available data on repeated inhalation exposure of rats to titanium dioxide, especially those of the 2-year inhalation toxicity/carcinogenicity study, allowed a derivation of NOAEC values for non-neoplastic adverse and neoplastic effects after chronic exposure to pigment grade titanium dioxide. Two-year inhalation exposure in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to 10, 50, or 250 mg/m³ of titanium dioxide (Lee et al., 1985) resulted in a dose- and time-dependent deposition of titanium dioxide in the lungs leading to a marked impairment of lung clearance. The continued exposure to titanium dioxide within the lungs was associated with a dose-related dust cell accumulation, a foamy macrophage response, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, alveolar proteinosis, alveolar bronchiolarisation, cholesterol granuloma formation, focal pleurisy and collagenised fibrosis at exposure to 50 and 250 mg/m³ of titanium dioxide. Based on these findings, a NOAEC of 10 mg/m³ was derived for fibrogenic (non-neoplastic) effects in the lung. Another chronic study in mice, rats and hamsters (Bermudez, 2002) indicate that a concentration of 50 mg/m³ already elicits a particle overload in rats. Thus, the LOAEL is considered to be over-conservative for humans. Instead of deriving a long-term DNEL for the inhalation route the general dust level has been used. The median value of particle size of titanium carbide was determined to be 2.13 µm. Thus, the general dust limit of 3 mg/m³ for respirable particles has been applied according to ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health, chapter R.8.7.1.
For other workplaces where the nature of the aerosols corresponds largely to the definition of the inhalable/respirable fraction, the application of this DNEL warrants an intrinsic conservatism.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 35 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 3 500 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- default
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- default
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- no additional uncertainties identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
The available data in rats and mice clearly suggest that ingested titanium dioxide is neither toxic nor carcinogenic to both species: In the NCI carcinogenicity study, Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were fed diets containing 0, 25000 and 50000 ppm titanium dioxide for 103 weeks (NCI 1979). Based on the histopathological examination, titanium dioxide was considered to be neither toxic nor carcinogenic to rats and mice. Thus, the highest dietary concentration of 50000 ppm titanium dioxide is representing the NOAEL which corresponds to a dose of 3500 mg titanium dioxide/kg bw/d for rats. Therefore, the oral NOAEL of 3500 mg of titanium dioxide/kg bw/d for chronic toxicity in rats is used as dose descriptor for the calculation of a DNEL for systemic effects for humans exposed orally to comparable titanium compounds, like titanium dioxide.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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