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Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
3 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
75
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
337 mg/m³
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
225.8 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Correction factor for light activity at work (WORKER): 0.67 (6.7 m3/10 m3)

Correction for differences between human and experimental exposure conditions (EXPCOND): 1 (as the DNEL is based on a NOAEC > 337 mg/m3, this correction (6h/8h) was not applied, considering that the NOAEC will not lower than 337 mg/m3 after a 8 -hour exposure)

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
Not needed
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
Point of departure: 28-day study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
not needed for an inhalation dose
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default factor
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
default factor
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
Not needed
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
Not needed
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
DNEL extrapolated from long term DNEL

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Justification:
No irritation of the respiratory tract was observed in a 28-day inhalation toxicity study performed according to the OECD guideline no. 412.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.16 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
By inhalation
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
300
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
337 mg/m³
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
48 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The DNEL is calculated from the NOAEC of 337 mg/m3 of the 28-day inhalation toxicity described above. Using a daily respiration rate of 0.29 m3/kg in rats for a 6-hour exposure, and a default absorption of 50% by the inhalation route, the internal dose is 48 mg/kg bw/d. Assuming a value of 100% for the default dermal absorption, the dermal NAEL is 48 mg/kg bw/d.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
default factor
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
6
Justification:
default factor
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
default factor for rats
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
default factor
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
default factor
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
not needed
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
not needed
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
high hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Most sensitive endpoint:
sensitisation (skin)
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected

Additional information - General Population