Amines, N-C12–14 (even numbered)-alkyltrimethylenedi-, reaction products with chloroacetic acid and diethylenetriamine, N-C12–14 (even numbered)-alkyl derivs.

Toxicity to reproduction

Administrative data

Endpoint:

two-generation reproductive toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2002

Report date:

2002

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 416 (Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study)

Version / remarks:

1983

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 416 (Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study)

Version / remarks:

2001

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

the conduct of the study was consistent in all important aspects to the OECD 416 (2001) except that the examination of the oestrus cycle and sperm parameters are missing.

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Amines, N-C12–C14(even numbered)-alkyltrimethylenedi-, reaction products with chloroacetic acid

Molecular formula:

n.a. (UVCB substance)

IUPAC Name:

Amines, N-C12–C14(even numbered)-alkyltrimethylenedi-, reaction products with chloroacetic acid

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Water

EC Number:

231-791-2

EC Name:

Water

Cas Number:

7732-18-5

Molecular formula:

H2O

IUPAC Name:

water

Test material form:

solid - liquid: aqueous solution

Details on test material:

- Name of test material: DOPA-Glycinate

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Wistar rats Crl: (WI) BR (outbred, SPF-Quality)

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at study initiation: P-females: 15 weeks, P-males: 7 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: P-females: 219–299g, P-males: 236–292g
- Housing: premating - in groups of max. 4; during mating - 1:1; after mating - individually; offsprong were kept with the dam until weaning
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): standard pelleted diet, ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 13-20 d

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21±3
- Humidity (%): 30-70
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

water

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: 1:1
- Length of cohabitation: max. 3 weeks
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug or sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- Further matings after three unsuccessful weeks: no
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged individually

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Duration of treatment / exposure:

P-males: 10 weeks prior to mating up to termination.
P-females: 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, pregnancy and lactation.
F1-males: from weaning onwards for at least 10 weeks prior to mating up to termination.
F1 females: from weaning onwards for at least 10 weeks prior to mating, during mating, pregnancy and lactation.
F2-pups were not treated.

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg bw based on test substance as manufactured (20% aqueous solution)
Basis:
actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

P-generation: 24 animals of each sex per group
F1-generation: 22 to 24 animals of each sex per group

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

Clinical signs: Yes, daily

Body weight: Yes; weekly
Mated females were weighed on gestation days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and during lactation on the same days as the weighing of the litters (days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 25).

Food consumption: Yes, weekly
Food consumption of mated females was measured on gestation days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and during lactation on the same days as the weighing of the litters (days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 25).

Water consumption: Subjective appraisal was maintained during the study, but no quantitative investigation performed since no effect on water consumption was suspected.

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

Not determined

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

Not determined

Litter observations:

STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
- Performed on day 4 postpartum: yes
- If yes, maximum of 8 pups/litter (4/sex/litter as nearly as possible); excess pups were killed and discarded.

PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in [F1 / F2 ] offspring:
number and sex of pups, stillbirths, live births, postnatal mortality, presence of gross anomalies, weight gain

GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
yes, for external and internal abnormalities; possible cause of death wasnot determined for pups born or found dead.

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

SACRIFICE
F0-males were killed as soon as possible after confirmation of pregnancy of F0-females. F0-females were killed as soon as possible after the lactation period.
On day 4 of lactation or shortly thereafter, F1-offspring and F2-offspring eliminated for standardisation of the litter were killed. F1-offspring not selected for mating were killed as soon as possible after weaning. F1-offspring selected for mating were killed as soon as possible after weaning of the F2-offspring.

MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
All parental animals (P and F1) were subjected to macroscopic examination of the cranial, thoracic, abdominal tissues and organs, with special attention to the reproductive organs and abnormalities.
Samples of the following tissues and organs were fixed in 4% formaldehyde: all gross lesions, cervix, coagulation gland, epididymides, ovaries, pituitary gland, prostate, seminal vesicles, stomach, testes, uterus, vagina.

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

F1-offspring not selected for mating and F2-offspring:
Offspring found dead or killed before day 14 of lactation were sexed and externally examined if practically possible. If possible, defects or cause of death were evaluated. The stomach was examined for the presence of milk. No pups were preserved for further examination.
Offspring found dead or killed on or after day 14 of lactation were subjected to macroscopic examination of the cranial, thoracic and abdominal tissues and organs. Descriptions of all macroscopic abnormalities were recorded. If possible, defects or cause of death were evaluated. No pups were preserved for further examination.

Statistics:

Body weight, body weight gain, food consumption, relative food consumption, pup weight: Dunnett-Test (variables could be assumed to follow a normal distribution)
Implantation sites, living pups at 1st litter check: Steel-test (data cannot be assumed follow a normal distribution)
Macroscopic findings, fertility index, conception rate, gestation index, percentage mating, breeding data: Fisher’s Exact Test

Reproductive indices:

Percentage mating
Fertility index
Conception rate
Gestation index
Percentage live males at first litter check
Percentage live females at first litter check
Percentage of postnatal loss days 0-4 post partum
Percentage of breeding loss day 5 until weaning
Percentage live males at weaning
Percentage live females at weaning
Viability index
Weaning index

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not examined

Other effects:

not examined

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

not examined

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not examined

Reproductive performance:

effects observed, treatment-related

Details on results (P0)

P-parents
No test item-related mortality was observed at any dose level.
Rales were observed at a low incidence and on few occasions among the high dosed animals; the high dosed females showed a slightly increased incidence of hunched posture. No nodules or masses were noted.
Body weights were decreased in:
- Males (100 mg/kg bw/d) from the 5th week of treatment onwards, which showed a statistical significant decrease during post mating.
- Females (100 mg/kg bw/d) showed a statistical significant decrease during pregnancy and lactation.
Body weight gain was statistically significantly decreased in:
- Males (100 mg/kg bw/d) during the last half of the pre-mating period.
- Females (100 mg/kg bw/d) during pregnancy.
Body weight and body weight gain for males of the 10 and 30 mg/kg dose group were unaffected.
Food consumption was statistically significantly decreased in:
- Females (100 mg/kg bw/d) during the pre-mating, pregnancy and lactation periods.
Relative food consumption was statistically significantly decreased in:
- Males (100 mg/kg bw/d) during weeks 1, 3 and 5 pre-mating.
- Females (100 mg/kg bw/d) during pre-mating and the first two weeks of pregnancy.
Minor statistically significant differences between controls and 10 or 30 mg/kg bw/d were considered to be of no toxicological relevance.
Details are presented in Table A6.8.2- 2
No test item related macroscopic findings were observed. Findings were considered to be within the range of biological variation of rats of this age and strain.
The number of implantation sites was statistically significant decreased in dams of the 100 mg/kg dose group.
The number of living pups at first litter check (day 1 of lactation) was statistically significantly decreased in the 100 mg/kg dose group.
Total postnatal loss between days 0 and 4 post partum was statistically significantly increased and the viability index was statistically significantly decreased in litters of the 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg dose groups when compared to the control group. However, these findings were considered to be of no toxicological significance.
Total breeding loss between days 5 and 25 post partum was statistically significantly increased in litters of the 30 mg/kg dose group when compared to the control group. This finding was considered to be of no toxicological significance.
Details are presented in Table A6.8.2- 4.


F1-parents
No test item-related mortality was observed at any tested dose level.
Clinical appearance was unaffected when treated up to 100 mg/kg bw/day. An increased incidence in piloerection was noted in animals of the 30 and 100 mg/kg dose groups during the first two weeks of treatment. A slightly increased incidence in hunched posture was noted in males of the 100 mg/kg dose group during the first two weeks of treatment. Because these findings were transient, they were not considered to be of any toxicological significance. One female of the 30 mg/kg bw/d group showed a palpable mass at the chest from week 15 onwards. This single observation was considered to be caused by chance and thus of no toxicological significance.
Body weights of males of the 100 mg/kg dose group were statistically significantly decreased during the pre-mating and mating period.
Females of the 100 mg/kg dose group showed statistically significantly decreased body weights during the first week of the pre-mating period. Because this was a transient effect, it was not considered to be of toxicological significance. Body weight gain was statistically significantly increased in females of the 10 mg/kg dose group during weeks 3–10 of the pre-mating period. Due to the absence of a dose response relationship, this finding was considered to be of no toxicological relevance.
Food consumption was statistically significantly decreased in males of the 100 mg/kg dose group during the pre-mating period and the relative food consumption was also slightly lower. During several weeks of the pre mating period, absolute and relative food consumption were statistically significantly decreased in females treated with 100 mg/kg.
Results are presented in Table A6.8.2- 2.
Macroscopic observations at necropsy did not reveal any alterations that were considered a result of treatment.
Reproduction parameters and breeding data were unaffected by treatment.
Results are presented in Table A6.8.2- 4.

Effect levels (P0)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

general parental toxicity

Effect level:

30 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: decreases in body weight, body weight gain and relative food consumption in male and female high dose animals (100 mg/kg bw/day); absolute food consumption was significantly decreased in females only

2

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

reproduction

Effect level:

30 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: P-dams of the 100 mg/kg bw/d dose group showed a reduced number of implantation sites at necropsy and living pups at day 1 of lactation. The number of implantations at birth was not significant in dams of the F1-generation.

3

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

general parental toxicity

Effect level:

6 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

act. ingr.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: decreases in body weight, body weight gain and relative food consumption in male and female high dose animals (20 mg a.i./kg bw/day); absolute food consumption was significantly decreased in females only

4

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

reproduction

Effect level:

6 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

act. ingr.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: P-dams of the 20 mg a.i./kg bw/d dose group showed a reduced number of implantation sites at necropsy and living pups at day 1 of lactation. The number of implantations at birth was not significant in dams of the F1-generation.

Target system / organ toxicity (P0)

Critical effects observed:

no

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality / viability:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Sexual maturation:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings:

not examined

Details on results (F1)

F1-pups
Development of pups was similar for control and treated groups.
No test-item related macroscopic findings were observed upon necropsy of F1-weanlings.
Mean body weights of pups were similar for control and treated groups.


F2-pups
Development of pups was similar for control and treated groups.
No test-item related macroscopic findings were observed upon necropsy of F2-weanlings.
Mean body weights of pups were similar for control and treated groups.

Effect levels (F1)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

20 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

act. ingr.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: Clinical signs, body weights and macroscopic examination were unaffected in F1- and F2-pups with maternal treatment up to 20 mg a.i./kg bw/d.

Target system / organ toxicity (F1)

Critical effects observed:

no

Results: F2 generation

Effect levels (F2)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F2

Effect level:

20 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

act. ingr.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: Clinical signs, body weights and macroscopic examination were unaffected in F1- and F2-pups with maternal treatment up to 20 mg a.i./kg bw/d.

Target system / organ toxicity (F2)

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:

yes

Lowest effective dose / conc.:

20 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Treatment related:

yes

Relation to other toxic effects:

reproductive effects as a secondary non-specific consequence of other toxic effects

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table A6.8.2-1:Animal assignment for mating.

		Number of animals
		Control	10 mg/kg /daya	30 mg/kg/daya	100 mg/kg/daya
P mating	Male	24	24	24	24
	Female	24	24	24	24
F1mating	Male	24	23	23	22
	Female	24	22	23	22
^a: based on test substance as manufactured (20% aqueous solution)

 

Table A6.8.2-2:Observed effects on mortality and body weights during the study.

Parameter			Control		10 mg/kg/d^#		30 mg/kg/d^#		100 mg/kg/d^#
		Generation	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Mortality		P				1/24			2/24	1/24
		F1					1/23	2/23	4/22	2/22
Body weight	[g]
Pre-mating Week 1 Week 3 Week 11		P	260 336 492	272 273 n.a.	265 344 504	270 270 n.a.	266 353 491	268 271 n.a.	267 341 461	264 263 n.a.
Post-mating / Pregnancy Day 0 Day 1 Day 21			n.a. 494 n.a.	277 n.a. 450	n.a. 513 n.a.	271 n.a. 427	n.a. 489 n.a.	272 n.a. 433	n.a. 452* n.a.	261* n.a. 397**
Lactation Day 1 Day 14 Day 25				324 360 331		315 355 326		316 350 318		295** 331** 303**
Pre-mating Week 1 Week 5 Week 10		F1	117 354 494	104 232 284	109 353 496	96 234 299	112 347 478	99 235 289	102* 323* 428**	93* 223 279
Pregnancy Day 0 Day 21			n.a. n.a.	297 453	n.a. n.a.	311 478	n.a. n.a.	304 469	n.a. n.a.	289 432
Body weight gain	[%]
Pre-mating Week 6 Week 11		P	58 89	n.a. n.a.	59 90	n.a. n.a.	57 84	n.a. n.a.	50* 73**	n.a. n.a.
Pregnancy Day 14 Day 21				27 63		25 58		25 60		21** 52**
Pre-mating Week 6 Week 10	[%]	F1	235 329	141 177	263 362	172** 223*	245 332	154 194	241 313	154 198
Pregnancy Day 14 Day 21				21 53		20 54		21 54		21 50
n.a.: not applicable *: Dunnett-test statistically significantly different compared to control (p£0.05); ** (p£0.01) #:in terms of test substance as manufactured (20% aqueous solution)

 

Table A6.8.2-3:Observed effects on food consumption during the study.

Parameter			Control		10 mg/kg/d^#		30 mg/kg/d^#		100 mg/kg/d^#
		Generation	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Food consumption	[g / animal / day]
Pre–mating Weeks 1/2 Weeks 2/3		P	28 28	22 21	29 30	21 20	29 30	21 20	28 28	19** 18**
Pregnancy Days 0–7 Days 7–14 Days 14–21				26 27 29		24* 26 27*		24* 27 28		22** 23** 25**
Lactation Days 1–4 Days 7–14 Days 14–21				38 59 71		33 56 67		36 56 67		31** 52** 63*
Pre–mating Weeks 1/2 Weeks 2/3 Weeks 5/6 Weeks 10/11	[g / animal / day]	F1	22 28 35 36	18 20 25 24	21 27 34 35	17 20 26 26	19* 25 31 31	17 20 24 23	18* 23* 28* 27**	16** 17* 21* 21
Pregnancy Days 14–21				30		31		31		27*
Relative food consumption	[g / kg bw / day]
Pre–mating Weeks 1/2 Weeks 2/3		P	93 85	79 77	94 88	76 74	94 85	78 75	89* 83	72** 70**
Pregnancy Days 0–7 Days 7–14				82 78		79* 76		80 79		75** 72*
Pre–mating Weeks 1/2 Weeks 2/3	[g / kg bw / day]	F1	118 111	121 111	117 110	120 110	109 102	118 107	117 103	116 98*
Pregnancy Days 14–21				67		64		65		63*
n.a.: not applicable *: Dunnett-test statistically significantly different compared to control (p<0.05); ** (p<0.01) #:based on test substance as manufactured (20% aqueous solution)

 

 

Table A6.8.2-4:Observed effects on reproductive performance of the two generation study.

			Control	10 mg/kg/d ^a	30 mg/kg/d ^a	100 mg/kg/d ^a
Parameter
Implantations-sites	Mean	P	15.6	14.3	14.7	13.1^+
		F1	14.0	14.9	15.1	12.6
Living pups at 1. litter check	Mean	P	15.3	13.9	14.2	12.9^+
		F1	13.8	14.1	14.9	13.0
Postnatal loss days 0-4 p.p.	Total	P	11	41^##	21^#	25^##
		F1	18	38^##	12	4^##
Breeding loss days 5–25 p.p.	Total	P	1	3	6^+	5
		F1	0	12^##	14^##	3
Viability index		P	97	87.7^##	93.8^#	91.6^##
		F1	94.1	87.7	96.3	98.4
+: Steel-test significant at 5% level # /##: Fisher’s exact test significant at 5% (#) or 1% (##) level p.p. = post partum a:based on test substance as manufactured (20% aqueous solution)

 

 

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

In a two generation study, DOPA-Glycinate (20% a.i., as manufactured) was administered to groups of male and female Wistar rats at 0 (control), 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg bw/day in water, corresponding to 2, 6 and 20 mg a.i./kg bw/day, by gavage during the pre-mating and mating period and to females also during gestation and lactation.
No treatment-related mortality occurred during the study. Parental toxicity consisted of clinical signs (only P-animals), effects on body weights and food consumption for P- and F1-animals receiving 100 mg/kg bw/day. Reproductive toxicity consisted of a reduced number of implantation sites at necropsy and a reduced number of living pups on day 1 of lactation for P-animals receiving 100 mg/kg bw/day. Development of the pups was not affected up to the maximum dose of 100 mg/kg bw/day.
Based on the results of this study, the parental and reproductive NOAEL was established at 30 mg/kg bw/day, corresponding to 6 mg a.i./kg bw/day. The developmental NOAEL was established at 100 mg/kg bw/day, corresponding to 20 mg a.i./kg bw/day.

Executive summary:

DOPA-Glycinate (20% a.i., as manufactured) was administered to groups of male and female Wistar rats at 0 (control), 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg bw/day inwater, corresponding to 2, 6 and 20 mg a.i./kg bw/day,by gavage during the pre-mating and mating period and to females also during gestation and lactation. The two generation reproduction study was carried out in compliance with OECD guideline 416 (1983) and also with the recent version OECD 416 (2001), except that the examination of oestrus cycle and sperm parameters were not conducted in the study.

 

Parental toxicity

Parental toxicity was assessed by observing mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, and macroscopic examination for both generations. Mortality and macroscopic examination were unaffected in parental animals (P) and F1-generation up to 100 mg/kg/day. At 100 mg/kg body weight/day, P-females showed a slightly increased incidence in hunched posture, while P-animals displayed rales at a low incidence and on few occasions. No treatment-related clinical signs were observed in animals of the F1-generation. P- and F1-animals of the 100 mg/kg dose group showed a reduced body weight, body weight gain, food consumption, and relative food consumption during their treatment period. 

Parental NOAEL= 30 mg/kg bw/day, corresponding to 6 mg a.i./kg bw/day based on decreases in body weight, body weight gain and relative food consumption in male and female high dose animals (100 mg/kg bw/day). Absolute food consumption was significantly decreased in females only.

 

Reproductive toxicity

Reproductive toxicity was assessed by observing the number of implantations at birth, mating performance, fertility indices, and breeding data. Mating performance, fertility indices, and breeding data were unaffected in animals of the P- and F1-generations when treated up to 100 mg/kg bw/day. P-dams of the 100 mg/kg bw/day dose group showed a reduced number of implantation sites at necropsy and living pups at day 1 of lactation. The number of implantations at birth was not significant in dams of the F1-generation. 

The increase in postnatal loss in the 10 mg/kg bw/day dose group was due to three litters in which an increased loss was observed. In one of those litters all fifteen pups died spontaneously or were killedin extremisbecause the dam died spontaneously due to delivery difficulties. The increase in postnatal loss in the 30 mg/kg bw/day dose group was mainly due to one litter in which all fourteen pups died on or before day 5post partum. This was probably due to bad health of the dam (hunched posture and body weight loss). The increase in postnatal loss in the 100 mg/kg bw/day dose group was mainly due to two litters in which an increased loss was observed. In one of those litters all nine pups died on or before day 5post partum. This was probably due to poor dam health (hunched posture, piloerection, and reduced body weight). These statistically significant differences were due to single observations, the number of affected litters was similar for control and treatment groups, and no true treatment related effect was observed. There was no dose response associated with these effects. As a consequence of these observations on postnatal loss, the viability index was statistically significantly decreased in litters from all dose groups. These findings are not considered to be toxicologically relevant, they do not display a dose response and as such are not taken into account for determining the reproductive NOAEL. 

Reproductive NOAEL= 30 mg/kg bw/day, corresponding to 6 mg a.i./kg bw/day based on a reduced number (-16% relative to controls) of implantation sites at necropsy of P females. Reduced numbers of living pups on day 1 of lactation for parental animals receiving 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg bw/day were statistically significant but did not follow a dose response and are not taken into account for determining the reproductive NOAEL.

 

Developmental toxicity

Developmental toxicity was assessed by observing clinical signs, body weights and macroscopic examination of the pups during their lactation period. Clinical signs, body weights and macroscopic examination were unaffected in F1- and F2-pups with maternal treatment up to 100 mg/kg body weight/day. 

Developmental NOAEL= 100 mg/kg bw/day, corresponding to 20 mg a.i./kg bw/day. No treatment-related macroscopic pathological effects were observed for any dose tested. 

 

No treatment-related mortality occurred during the study. Parental toxicity consisted of clinical signs (only P-animals), effects on body weights and food consumption for P- and F1-animals receiving 100 mg/kg bw/day. Reproductive toxicity consisted of a reduced number of implantation sites at necropsy and living pups on day 1 of lactation for P-animals receiving 100 mg/kg bw/day.

 

In conclusion, gavage treatment of male and female Wistar rats with DOPA-Glycinate (20% a.i.) at dose levels of 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg bw/day, corresponding to 2, 6 and 20 mg a.i./kg bw/day, over two generations revealed parental, and reproductive toxicity in animals receiving 100 mg/kg bw/day. Development of the pups was not affected up to the maximum dose of 100 mg/kg bw/day. 

 

Based on the results of this study, the parental and reproductive NOAEL was established at 30 mg/kg bw/day, corresponding to 6 mg a.i./kg bw/day. The developmental NOAEL was established at 100 mg/kg bw/day, corresponding to 20 mg a.i./kg bw/day.