Reaction product of {mixture of [poly(1~4)chlorosulfonylphthalocyaninato-N29,N30,N31,N32]copper(Ⅱ) and [poly(1~3) chlorosulfonyl (tribenzo[b,g,l]pyrido[2,3-q]-5,10,15,20-tetraazaporphyrinato-N21,N22,N23,N24)] copper(Ⅱ) and [poly(1~2) chlorosulfonyl (dibenzo[b,g(or b,l)]dipyrido [2,3(or 3,2)-l,q(or g,q)]-5,10,15,20-tetraazaporphyrinato-N21,N22,N23,N24)] copper(Ⅱ) and [monochlorosulfonyl (benzo[b]tripyrido [2,3(or 3,2)-g,l,q]-5,10,15,20-tetraazaporphyrinato-N21,N22,N23,N24)]copper(Ⅱ) }and 2-[4-(2-aminoethylamino)-6-(benzylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino]benzene-1,4-disulfonic acid, and ammonia water and sodium chloride

Toxicity to reproduction

Administrative data

Endpoint:

one-generation reproductive toxicity

Remarks:

based on generations indicated in Effect levels

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

december 2010 - april 2011

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This study has been performed according to OECD guidelines and according to GLP principles.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2011

Report date:

2011

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

E-C104

IUPAC Name:

E-C104

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): E-C104
- Physical state: blue colored powder
- Lot/batch No.: MB-1
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: five years from shipment day (November 4, 2010)
- Stability under test conditions: the test substance was confirmed to be stable during the experimental period based on infrared absorption spectra
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature (permissible range 1°-30°C) in an air-tight container in a dark place

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Crl:CD(SD)

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. (Hino Breeding Center)
- Age at study initiation: 9 weeks
- Weight at receipt (8 weeks old): 251.6 to 280.8 g for males and 164.6 to 193.3 g for females
- Housing: stainless-steel cages, except during gestation and lactation period (polymethylpentene cages). One male and one female were housed in a cage during the mating period. One dam and its litter were housed in a cage during the lactation period. As for the other periods, animals were housed individually. Bedding material: satirized wood chip
- Diet: ad libitum autoclave-sterilized pellet diet (CRF-1, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd)
- Water: ad libitum well water admixed with NaClO (about 2 ppm)
- Acclimation period:9 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22.8° to 23.9°C
- Humidity (%): 52.0 to 79.6%
- Air changes (per hr): 10 to 20 times
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12h/12h
IN-LIFE DATES: From: January 7,2011 To: April 18, 2011

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

water

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Dosing solutions were prepared once every 5 or 7 days and stored in a cool place shielded from light.

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: up to 14 days
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged: in polymethylpentene cages during the gestation and lactation period. One dam and its litter were housed in a cage during the lactation period.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Samples of the dosing solution at each concentration were analysed. Analytical method validation included linearity, repeatability, specificity, within-run precision and stability testing. All concentrations were within 100 ± 10% as the ratio to the nominal concentration; substance solutions were conformed to be stable after storage in a cool place and shielded from light for 8 days and following 6 hours at room temperature.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

males: from 14 days before mating until necropsy through the mating period (42 days).
females: from 14 days before mating until day 4 of lactation through the mating and pregnancy periods and delivery.
recovery females (satellite group): for 42 days without mating.

Pups were not treated directly, but were potentially exposed to the test substance in utero and through lactational transfer.

Frequency of treatment:

once daily

Details on study schedule:

All copulated females were allowed natural delivery. The observation of delivery was from days 21 to 24 of gestation. The females that did not deliver by 24 days after copulation were regarded as non-delivered females. The delivered dams were allowed to nurse offsprings until day 4 postpartum (day 4 of lactation) and postpartum behavior such as lactation, nesting and presence or absence of cannibalism was observed every day.

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
50, 250, 1000 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Each test group consisted of 12 males (including 5 males for recovery test) and 12 females (5 females each were added for recovery test in the control and 1000 mg/kg bw/day groups).

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

Dose selection rationale: based on results obtained in "Fourteen days repeated oral dose toxicity study of E-C104 in rats (No. P101038; dose levels 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw, with 5 rats/sex/dose). As no toxicologically relevant effects were observed, the highest dose was set at 1000 mg/kg bw/day as stated in the guideline and two lower doses were established.
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: 14 days

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice a day during the dosing period; once a day during recovery period.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: once before dosing; once a week until week 6

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: males were weighed on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 42 and 43. The recovery males were also weighed on days 50 and 56. The satellite females were weighed in the same manner as the recovery males. The test females were weighed on days 1, 8 and 15, once every 7 days after initiation of copulation, and days 0, 7, 14 and 20 of gestation and days 0 and 4 of lactation for females after parturition. The final body weight was also measured on the day of necropsy.

FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Food consumption was measured between days 1 to 8, 8 to 15, 22 to 29, 29 to 36 and 36 to 40 for test and recovery males and between days 43 to 50 and 50 to 54 for recovery males only. For females it was measured between days 1 to 8, 8 to 15, 15 to 22, 22 to 29, 29 to 36, 36 to 42, 43 to 50 and 50 to 56 for the satelite females. Food consumption of the test females was measured at the same time as the body weights. Food consumption was not measured for either sex during the mating period. Gross weight of each feeder was weighed, and the main daily food consumption of each animal was calculated for each period.

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: at necropsy
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes, sodium pentobarbital (i.p., 30 mg/kg bw)
- Animals fasted: Yes, at least 18 hours
- How many animals: 5 animals with smaller animal numbers for the test males, all animals for the recovery males and satellite females, and 5 animals from the earlier parturition date with small numbers for the test females.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: at necropsy
- Animals fasted: Yes, at least 18 hours
- How many animals: same as for haematology

URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: day 40
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: No, fresh urine samples excreted spontaneously on a washed try under the cage were collected.
- Animals fasted: Yes
- Parameters checked: PH, protein, glucose, ketone body and occult blood were determined by means of reagent strip method.
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes, FOB
- Time schedule for examinations: week 6
- Dose groups that were examined: 5/sex/dose group
- Battery of functions tested: sensory activity / grip strength / motor activity

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

Vaginal smears were collected with swabs from all test females in the morning from the initial dosing day to the day of mating or end of mating period to confirm the estrous cycle. The obtained smears were collected on a plate for each animal and thionine-eosin-stained. The estrous cycle was classified into diestrus, proestrus, estrus and metestrus. The mean estrous cycle and the number of the estrous period during the test period were calculated. The data obtained during the mating period were treated as referential data.

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

Parameters examined in male parental rats:
testis weight, epididymis weight

Litter observations:

The number of delivered offspring, sex and the presence or absence of external anomalies was examined on day 0 of lactation. Thereafter, clinical signs and mortality were observed daily. Based on the results, the following parameters were calculated: live birth index (%), stillborn rate, viability index on day 4 (%), sex ratio.
All live offspring were weighed individually on days 0 and 4 postpartum.

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

GROSS NECROPSY
-according to guideline
HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGHTS
-according to guideline

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

All live offspring were observed for external anomalies including that in the oral cavity on day 4 of lactation, and subsequently euthanized. Stillborn and dead offspring were fixed and stored. Based on the results, the following parameters were calculated: external anomaly index and external anomaly typing index.

Statistics:

Statistical analysis was performed with computer system, MiTOX-PPL with significant levels of 1% and 5% (two-tailed). The data of offspring were handled on a litter-basis. The body weight and food consumption of the female not pregnant, as well as the body weight after initiation of mating in the females failed mating were excluded from evaluation.
For grip strength, motor activity, body weights, food consumption, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, absolute and relative organ weight, the group mean and standard deviation of the following items were calculated and homogeneity of the variance was tested by the Bartlett's test (significant level 5%). When the variance was homogeneous, the Dunnett's multiple comparison was applied, and when it was not homogeneous, the Steel's multiple comparison was applied for control group and each test substance group.
For Histopathological examination, the grades were converted to numerical values, and the Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare between the control and each test substance group.

Reproductive indices:

Copulation index, fertility index, gestation index and sex ratio were tested with the chi-square test for comparison between the control and each test substance group.
Implantation index and stillborne rate were tested with the Wilcoxon's rank sum test for comparison between the control and each test substance group.

Offspring viability indices:

External anomaly index, external anomaly typing index, live birth index and viability index on day 4 were tested with the Wilcoxon's rank sum test for comparison between the control and each test substance group.

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

substance-mixed feces (dark blue color) were noted in all animals of all dose groups

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

in high dose females body weight was higher on day 0 of lactation compared to the control group. No effects on food consumption were observed.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

in high dose females body weight was higher on day 0 of lactation compared to the control group. No effects on food consumption were observed.

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

appearance of pigment-laden macrophages

Other effects:

no effects observed

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

no effects observed

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not examined

Reproductive performance:

no effects observed

Details on results (P0)

In one high dose animal, diestrus remained for 11 days, suggesting an irregular estrous cycle. However, as the cycle recovered normal and copulation was confirmed, it was judged incidental.
In the parental animals, no changes related to the test substance treatement were noted in the estrous cycle, copulation index, fertility index, gestation length, number of corpora lutea and implantation sites, implantation index, or delivery index, as well as in the paturition or lactation conditions.
In the offsprings, no changes related to the test substance treatment were noted in the sex ratio, birth index, or viability index on day 4, as well as in the external examination or body weight.

Effect levels (P0)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

reproductive toxicity

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: No substance related changed were observed on reproductive parameters in the parental animals.

2

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

250 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: increased number globule leukocyte in glandular stomach (m), changes in platelet count, neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers, total cholesterol, plasma glucose and triglyceride levels.

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality / viability:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Sexual maturation:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings:

not examined

Effect levels (F1)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

offspring

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

act. ingr.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: No substance related changes were observed in offsprings.

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

In an OECD 422 study no changes on reproductive toxicity related to the test substance at 50, 250, 1000 mg/kg bw/day were observed in the parental animals, the NOAEL for reproductive toxicity is considered to be at least 1000 mg/kg bw/day.
In the absence of substance related effects in the offspring, the NOAEL offspring is considered to be at least 1000 mg/kg bw/day.

Executive summary:

E-C104 was repeatedly administered to rats (7/sex/dose) by oral gavage at dose level 0, 50, 250 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day from 14 days before mating for 42 days in males and satellite females, and 14 days before mating through gestation and parturition until day 4 of lactation in females to determine the effects of repeated exposure and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Reversibility was studied in satellite groups for controls and high dose (5/sex/dose). As a result of the test substance administration, substance-mixed feces (dark blue color) was noted in all dose groups. Haematological examination showed increases in platelet count and numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes. At the end of the recovery period, increase in reticulocyte number was observed in males and females showed increase in neutrophils and decrease in lymphocytes. Clinical biochemistry showed in high dose animals decreased levels of total bile acids, total cholesterol and ALT. High dose males showed decreased plasma glucose levels, whereas high dose females showed a decreased plasma triglyceride level. Gross pathology showed blue coloration in the GI contents, mesenteric, submaxillary, cervical and bronchial lymph nodes, lung and kidneys (with no reversibility in coloration in teh lymph nodes and kidney in the mid- and high dose). Histopathological examination showed pigment-laden macrophages in the GI-tract, mesenteric lymph nodes and lungs in rats dosed at and above 250 mg/kg bw/day, but the toxicological relevance is unclear. No reproduction toxicity and no developmental toxicity was observed.