(chloromethyl)vinylbenzene

Skin irritation / corrosion

Administrative data

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2017-03-06

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

other company data

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2017

Report date:

2017

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)

Version / remarks:

2015

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

The report does not meet the definition of a GLP study

Test material

Test material information

1

Reference substance name:

(chloromethyl)vinylbenzene

EC Number:

250-005-9

EC Name:

(chloromethyl)vinylbenzene

Cas Number:

30030-25-2

Molecular formula:

C9H9Cl

IUPAC Name:

1-(chloromethyl)-3-ethenylbenzene; 1-(chloromethyl)-4-ethenylbenzene

Test material form:

liquid

In vitro test system

Test system:

human skin model

Source species:

human

Cell type:

non-transformed keratinocytes

Cell source:

other: not specified

Source strain:

not specified

Justification for test system used:

The potential for chemically-induced skin irritation and corrosion are important considerations in establishing procedures for the safe handling, packing, and transport of chemicals (UN, 2007). The EpiDerm three-dimensional human skin model has been extensively characterized (EC-ECVAM, 2009) and is approved (OECD, 2013) for identification and classification of skin irritation hazard according to the UN GHS and EU classification system (Category 2/R38 or No label). The EpiDerm model uses human-derived epidermal keratinocytes as the cell source, which are cultured to form a multi-layered, highly differentiated model that closely mimics human epidermis at biochemical and physiological levels.

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on test system:

RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EpiDerm tissue model (model number EPI-200 EpiDerm cultures)
- Supplier: MatTek Corporation; Ashland, MA.
- start of test: within 48 hours of receipt from the supplier

TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: 37°C

REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
-Volume and number of washing steps: Following the 60 ± 1min treatment period, the tissues were rinsed with sterile DPBS
- Modifications to validated SOP: none

MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentration: 300 µL MTT (1 mg/mL)
- Incubation time: 3 ± 0.1 hrs

NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: 3

CALCULATION METHOD:
The mean OD570 value of the blank wells was calculated. Individual blank corrected OD570 values for each test chemical or control tissue were determined by subtracting the mean OD570 value of the blank wells from their individual OD570 values. The mean of the corrected OD570 values for the negative control was calculated. Corrected Individual Tissue OD570 = individual tissue OD570 – mean blank OD570 For each individual tissue, % viability relative to negative control was calculated using the following formula:

% Viability = Corrected Individual OD570 of Test Chemical (or Control) / Corrected Mean OD570 of Negative Control X 100

The individual relative viabilities were tabulated for each tissue and the mean and standard deviations for viability values were calculated for the test chemical and control

PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA
- The test substance is considered to be an irritant to skin if the mean relative tissue viability of the 3 individual tissues exposed to the test chemical is ≤ 50% of mean viability of the negative control
- The test substance is considered to be non-irritant to skin if the mean relative tissue viability of the 3 individual tissues exposed to the test chemical is >= 50% of mean viability of the negative control

Control samples:

yes, concurrent negative control

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent MTT non-specific colour control

Amount/concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 30 µL
- Concentration (if solution): undiluted

VEHICLE
- none

Duration of treatment / exposure:

total of 60 ± 1 min

Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):

total post-treatment incubation period of 42 ± 2 hrs

Number of replicates:

3

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results

Results 1

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

Replicate 1, Vinylbenzyl chloride

Value:

2.5

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

positive indication of irritation

Results 2

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

Replicate 2, Vinylbenzyl chloride

Value:

2

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

positive indication of irritation

Results 3

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

Replicate 3, Vinylbenzyl chloride

Value:

2.5

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

positive indication of irritation

Other effects / acceptance of results:

OTHER EFFECTS:
- Colour interference with MTT: no


ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: yes
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: yes
- Acceptance criteria met for variability between replicate measurements: yes
The mean relative tissue viability for EpiDerm tissues treated with Vinylbenzyl chloride and positive control (1% TRITON™ X-100) were 2.3 % and 3.2%, respectively.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1. Culture Viability in EpiDerm Skin Irritation Model

Chemical Name	1 Hr Treatment plus 42 Hr Recovery			Mean Viability (%)
	Replicate 1	Replicate 2	Replicate 3
Vinylbenzyl chloride	2.5	2.0	2.5	2.3
Negative Control*	101.6	101.7	96.7	100.0
Positive Control*	4.6	1.9	3.2	3.2

*Negative Control: DPBS; Positive Control: 1% TRITON™ X-100

Table 2. In Vitro Classification in EpiDerm Skin Irritation Model

Chemical Name	EpiDerm Irritancy Classification Prediction (I/NI)
Vinylbenzyl chloride	Irritant (I) (UN GHS Cat 1 or 2)
Negative Control*	Non-Irritant (UN GHS Cat NC)
Positive Control*	Irritant (I) (UN GHS Cat 1 or 2)

*Negative Control: DPBS; Positive Control: 1% TRITON™ X-100

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria

Remarks:

skin irritation potential (UN GHS Cat 1 or 2)

Conclusions:

The mean relative cell viability of vinylbenzyl chloride and positive control-treated tissues were 2.3% and 3.2% (i.e. ≤ 50%), respectively, therefore, vinylbenzyl chloride was interpreted as a potential irritant (UN GHS Cat 1 or 2) in the EpiDerm irritation assay.

Executive summary:

Vinylbenzyl chloride was evaluated for skin irritation potential in an non-GLP in vitro EpiDerm skin irritation assay (MatTek Corporation; Ashland, MA) according to OECD Guideline 439.

The EpiDerm tissue model consists of normal human epidermal keratinocytes that are cultured to form a multilayered, differentiated model of human epidermis. In this assay, vinylbenzyl chloride was topically applied to the EpiDerm tissue for 60 minutes, followed by a 42-hour post-exposure recovery. Following recovery, the cell viability was measured in treated and control tissues using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and the data reported as a percentage of the mean of negative control. A test chemical is considered to possess skin irritation potential (UN GHS Cat 1 or 2) if the relative cell viability is less than or equal to 50%. In this study, Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS) and 1% TRITON™ X-100 served as the negative and positive controls, respectively.

The mean relative cell viability of vinylbenzyl chloride and positive control-treated tissues were 2.3% and 3.2% (i.e. ≤ 50%), respectively, therefore, vinylbenzyl chloride was interpreted as a potential irritant (UN GHS Cat 1 or 2) in the EpiDerm irritation assay.