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EC number: 242-538-0 | CAS number: 18727-04-3
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
EC50 (48h) = 30 mg cobalt citrate/L (Daphnia magna) (equivalent to 40.4 mg cobalt hydrogen citrate/L )
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
One study on the short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates is available for cobalt citrate (CAS 866-81-9). Within this key study conducted according to OECD 202 and GLP, Daphnia magna were exposed to 100 mg/L test substance (nominal) for 48 h under static exposure in a limit test (Muckle, 2012). As a result, an EC50 of 30 mg/L was reported, equivalent to 40.4 mg cobalt hydrogencitrate/L. Analytical measurements showed recoveries of 82 to 93%.
Additionally, there are reliable data available for different analogue cobalt compounds.
The environmental fate pathways and ecotoxicity effects assessments for cobalt metal and cobalt compounds is based on the observation that adverse effects to aquatic, soil- and sediment-dwelling organisms are a consequence of exposure to the bioavailable ion, released by the parent compound. The result of this assumption is that the ecotoxicology will be similar for all soluble cobalt substances used in the ecotoxicity tests. Therefore, data from soluble cobalt substances are used in the derivation of ecotoxicological and environmental fate endpoints, based on the cobalt ion.
Data on acute single-species toxicity tests resulting in high quality L(E)C50 values (expressed as Co) for freshwater invertebrates (n=11) are summarised in the WHO CICAD, 2006 (see attached table).
Acute data for Daphnia magna were extracted and used in the effects assessment. The LC50(48h) values ranged from 1.1 mg Co/L, tested as cobalt chloride hexahydrate to 6 mg Co/L, tested as cobalt sulfate, resulting in recalculated values from 4.6 to 25.4 mg cobalt hydrogencitrate/L. The key study (Khangarot and Ray, 1989) showed an acute toxicity resulting in an EC50(48h) of 1.49 mg Co/L, tested as cobalt chloride hexahydrate (equivalent to 6.29 mg cobalt hydrogencitrate/L). Studies on other invertebrate species such as rotifers, different copepod species and crayfish showed a range of EC50 values from 3.4 to 27.8 mg Co/L, tested as cobalt chloride hexahydrate, equivalent to 14.4 to 117.5 mg cobalt hydrogencitrate/L (WHO CICAD, 2006). These data are comprised in the attached table.
References: World Health Organization (2006). Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 69.COBALT AND INORGANIC COBALT COMPOUNDS.
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