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EC number: 242-538-0 | CAS number: 18727-04-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well-documented study which meets basic scientific principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effects of Cobalt on Postnatal Development and Late gestation in Rats Upon Oral Administration
- Author:
- Domingo, J.L. et al.
- Year:
- 1 985
- Bibliographic source:
- Revista Espanola de Fisiologia 41: 293-298
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 4 groups of pregnant rats are administered different doses of the test substance from gestation day 14 to day 21 of lactation. The dams, the offspring and litter parameters are examined to determine the effect of the test substance on late fetal development, labour and delivery, lactation, neonatal viability, and growth and development of the newborn.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- cobalt (II) chloride
- IUPAC Name:
- cobalt (II) chloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): cobalt (II) chloride
- Analytical purity: no data
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Biocentre (Barcelona, Spain)
- Housing: before study initiation 5 females and 2 males were kept per cage
- Diet: Panlab-diet, Barcelona, Spain; ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 23 ± 2
- Humidity (%): 55 ± 5
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on mating procedure:
- - Impregnation procedure: cohoused
- If cohoused:
- M/F ratio per cage: 5/2
- Length of cohabitation: no data
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear day 0 of pregnancy - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- day 14 of gestation to day 21 of lactation
(overall approx. 28 days) - Frequency of treatment:
- daily
- Duration of test:
- sacrifice on day 21 of lactation
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
12, 24, 48 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 15 pregnant females
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: The doses correspond to 1/10, 1/20 and 1/40 of the oral LD50 value.
Examinations
- Maternal examinations:
- no data
- Ovaries and uterine content:
- Parameters examined:
- Number of litters
- Number of living and dead young
- Male-female ratio
- Average body weight by litter - Fetal examinations:
- Offspring examinations:
- Survival ratio
- Mortality, body weight gain and general symptoms: day 1, 4 and 21
- Examination for external malformations, body and tail length: day 1, 4 and 21
- Gross pathology: gross external and internal examination at the end of the study (postnatal day 21)
- Organ weights: heart, lungs, spleen, liver, and kidneys
- Haematology: haematocrit, haemoglobin
- Clinical chemistry: GOT, GPT, bilirubin, total protein, urea, uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine - Statistics:
- The significance of the differences in the results was determined by the t-Studens-Fischer test. A difference is considered significant when P <= 0.05.
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
Maternal developmental toxicity
- Details on maternal toxic effects:
- Maternal toxic effects:no data
Details on maternal toxic effects:
no data
Effect levels (maternal animals)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEL
- Effect level:
- 12 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect level:
- other: developmental toxicity
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEL
- Effect level:
- 22.9 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)
- Based on:
- other: CoC6H6O7
- Basis for effect level:
- other: developmental toxicity
Results (fetuses)
- Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:yes
Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- The number of litters was decreased
- Ratio living/dead was decreased; significant decrease in living young/litter at 48 mg/kg bw at day 4 and 21.
- Average body weight by litter was decreased (dose-dependent)
Body weight (to 59% and 69% of the control value in males and females, respectively), body length (to 83% and 82% of the control value in males and females, respectively) and tail length (to 78% and 77% of the control value in males and females, respectively) in all dose groups were significantly decreased in males and females compared to control (dose-dependent).
No external malformations were observed in any case.
Organ weights: In males, the relative liver weight were decreased in the low and high dose groups compared to control. The weights of lungs and kidneys were only decreased in the low dose group.
In females, the relative liver and spleen weights were significantly decreased in all dose groups.
As no dose-dependency was detected, the effects cannot be clearly considered treatment-related.
Haematology/Clinical chemistry: All paramters examined were within the normal range.
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
Overall developmental toxicity
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Based on the result of this study it was concluded that cobalt administration to pregnant rats from gestation day 14 until day 21 of lactation, produces toxic effects on the mothers, which have a repercussion on the late gestation. A delay in growth on the living young is observed. However, no signs of general toxicity were seen in the offspring.
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