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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 936-414-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: other routes
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: other routes
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- other: 2 (reliable with restriction) because study meets the requirements of research purposes but is not suitable for regulatory hazard assessment
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study meets the requirements of research purposes but is not suitable for regulatory hazard assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Enhanced peripheral thrombogenicity after lung inflammation is mediated by platelet–leukocyte activation: role of P-selectin
- Author:
- Nemmar, A. et al.
- Year:
- 2 007
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 5, 1217–1226
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The aim of the study was to investigate how lung inflammation induced by pulmonary carbon nanotubes would translate into a circulating prothrombotic tendency, enhancing the risk for thrombosis, in cases of peripheral vascular lesions.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- carbon
- EC Number:
- 936-414-1
- Molecular formula:
- C
- IUPAC Name:
- carbon
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- Swiss
- Sex:
- male/female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: intratracheal instillation
- Vehicle:
- other: sterile 0.9% saline containing 0.1% Tween 80
- Details on exposure:
- 40 µL/animal
- Doses:
- 200 or 400 µg/animal
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- no data
- Control animals:
- other: vehicle
- Details on study design:
- BALF: 24 hours after CNT administration, the animals were sacrificed and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed.
Cell differentials were microscopically performed.
Additionally the following investigation were performed:
Granulocyte–platelet heteroconjugate detection
Thrombin generation and microvesicle activity detection
Whole murine blood platelet aggregation assays
In vivo P-selectin neutralization
Experimental arterial thrombosis model
Tail and jugular vein bleeding time measurements
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- other: lung inflammation
- Effect level:
- 200 - 400 other: µg/mouse
- Remarks on result:
- other: rapid, but mild and transient, circulating platelet activation, triggering P-selectin-mediated platelet-leukocyte conjugate formation
- Mortality:
- no data
- Clinical signs:
- no data
- Body weight:
- no data
- Gross pathology:
- no data
Any other information on results incl. tables
"Intratracheal instillation in Swiss mice of 200 and 400 µg of multiwall ground CNTs triggered substantial
lung neutrophil, but not macrophage influx, 24 h later. The detection of circulating platelet–leukocyte conjugates exclusively 6 h after CNT instillation pointed to early but transientactivation of circulating platelets. At 24 h, elevated plasma procoagulant microvesicular tissue factor activity was found in CNT-exposed but not in saline-exposed mice. However, at 24 h, both the tail and jugular vein bleeding times were prolonged in CNT-exposed but not in saline-exposed mice, arguing against strong CNT-induced platelet activation at this point. Nevertheless, at 24 h, enhanced peripheral thrombogenicity was detected in CNT-exposed but not in saline-exposed mice, via quantitative photochemically induced carotid artery thrombosis measurements. P-selectin neutralization abrogated platelet–leukocyte conjugate formation and microvesicular tissue factor generation, and abolished the CNT-induced thrombogenicity amplification. In contrast, the weak vascular injury-triggered
thrombus formation in saline-treated mice was not affected by P-selectin neutralization at 24 h."Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
The ground test substance meeting the form described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID dossier was administered intratracheally (200, 400 µgmg/animal) to Swiss mice to evaluate how pulmonary inflammation enhancing the risk for thrombosis, in cases of peripheral vascular lesions.
"The mild lung inflammation induced by the test substance meeting the form described in section 4.5 of the IUCLID dossier translates via rapid but mild and transient activation of platelets into P-selectin-mediated systemic inflammation. Leukocyte activation leads to tissue factor release, in turn eliciting inflammation-induced procoagulant activity and an associated prothrombotic risk."
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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