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EC number: 692-614-6 | CAS number: 5660-53-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- one-generation reproductive toxicity
- Remarks:
- based on generations indicated in Effect levels (migrated information)
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 13 March 2013 to 19 November 2013
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The study was performed on the analogue substance 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol (for justification of read-across between the registered substance and its analogue, please refer to corresponding assessment report in Section 13). The study was GLP compliant and performed according to OECD guideline 422 without any deviations.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 013
- Report date:
- 2013
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Certificat n° 2012/96 ; 10 January 2013
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethanol
- EC Number:
- 202-888-7
- EC Name:
- 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethanol
- Cas Number:
- 100-79-8
- Molecular formula:
- C6H12O3
- IUPAC Name:
- (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol
- Test material form:
- other: liquid
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): AUGEO SL191 ; 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol
- Physical state: colorless (clear) liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.9%
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: 99.9% 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol; water: 0.02%; Acidity (Acetic acid): 0.0021%
- Lot/batch No.: BR12K853
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 05 November 2013
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories Italia, Calco, Italy.
- Age at study initiation: Males: 10 weeks; Females: 9 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: Males: 388 g (331 to 440 g); females: 230 g (194 to 264 g)
- Housing: Individually, except during pairing and lactation, in polycarbonate cages (Tecniplast 2154, 940 cm²) with stainless steel lids and containing autoclaved sawdust (SICSA, Alfortville, France). Toward the end of gestation and during lactation, autoclaved wood shavings (SICSA, Alfortville, France) were provided to females and their litter as nesting material.
- Diet: SSNIFF R/M-H pelleted maintenance diet (SSNIFF Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany), ad libitum
- Water: Drinking water filtered with a 0.22 µm filter, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 8 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 22 ± 2°C
- Humidity: 50 ± 20%
- Air changes: 12 air changes per hour of filtered, non-recycled air
- Photoperiod: 12 h dark / 12 h light
IN-LIFE DATES: From 19 March 2013 to 10 May 2013.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
The test item was administered as a solution in the vehicle. The test item was dissolved with the required quantity of vehicle to give the required concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/mL. The formulations were prepared for up to 9 days, divided into daily aliquots and stored at room temperature and protected from light. For each dosing, daily aliquots were delivered to the study room protected from light
VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: 50, 100 and 200 mg/mL
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 5 mL/kg bw. - Details on mating procedure:
- - M/F ratio per cage: 1: 1
- Length of cohabitation: Overnight
- Proof of pregnancy: presence of a vaginal plug or for sperm in a vaginal lavage referred to as Day 0 p.c..
- Each female was placed with the same male until mating occurs. The pre-coital time was calculated for each female. The estrous cycle stage was determined from a fresh vaginal lavage (stained with methylene blue), each morning during the pairing period, until the females were mated. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- - The concentrations of the dose formulations were checked in study weeks 1, 3 and 6 by a validated analytical method (CiToxLAB France/Study No. 39832 VAA).
- Acceptance criterion: measured concentration = nominal concentration ± 10%
- The pH of the obtained solutions used throughout the study was measured by means of a pH-meter.
- Results: The test item concentrations in the administered dose formulations analyzed in weeks 1, 3 and 6 were within an acceptable range of variation (i.e. -2% to +8%) when compared to the nominal values (± 10%); pH was close to neutrality. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- - Males: 2 weeks before pairing, during the pairing period (up to 5 days), until sacrifice (5 weeks in total).
- Females: 2 weeks before pairing, during the pairing period (up to 5 days), during gestation, during lactation until day 5 post partum (p.p.) inclusive.
- Day 1 corresponds to the first day of the treatment period. - Frequency of treatment:
- Once daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: The dose-levels were selected in agreement with the Sponsor, following the results of a previous 2-week toxicity study performed with the same species at the dose-levels of 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day (Study No. 39834 TSR). In this study, no toxicologically relevant findings, but a slight decrease in body weight in females given 1000 mg/kg bw/day when compared to controls were observed.
- Rationale for animal assignment: during the acclimation period, the required number of animals (40 males and 40 females) was selected according to body weight and clinical condition. The animals were allocated to groups (by sex) according to computerized stratification procedure based on body weight, so that the average body weight of each group was similar. - Positive control:
- Not applicable
Examinations
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS (PARENTAL ANIMALS): Yes
- Time schedule:
Viability / Mortality: Once a day before the treatment period and twice a day during the treatment period. A female of group 4 showing signs of poor clinical condition (immobilized hindlimbs), was humanely sacrificed on day 4 p.c., and was subjected to a macroscopic post-mortem examination.
Clinical Signs: Once daily, during acclimatization and up to day of necropsy. As a male from the control group displayed liquid feces on day 22, decision was taken to weigh and to examine the animal closely on day 23.
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS (PARENTAL ANIMALS): Yes
- Time schedule: Detailed clinical examinations were performed on all animals once before the beginning of the treatment period and then once a week until the end of the study. Observations included (but were not limited to) changes in the skin, fur, eyes, mucous membranes, occurrence of secretions and excretions and autonomic activity (e.g. lacrimation, piloerection, pupil size, unusual respiratory pattern). Changes in gait, posture and response to handling as well as the presence of clonic or tonic movements, stereotypes (e.g. excessive grooming, repetitive circling) or bizarre behavior (e.g. self-mutilation, walking backwards) were also recorded.
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION (PARENTAL ANIMALS): Yes
- Time schedule: The first five males and the first five females to be sacrificed on day 6 p.p. from each group were evaluated once at the end of the treatment period. For females, this was performed on day 5 p.p. after sacrifice of the pups.
- Animals were observed for the following:
Cage-side observations: "touch escape" or ease of removal from the cage.
Hand-held observations: fur appearance, salivation, lacrimation, piloerection, exophthalmos, reactivity to handling, pupil size (presence of myosis or mydriasis).
Standard arena (2-minute recording) observations: grooming, palpebral closure, defecation, urination, tremors, twitches, tonic and clonic convulsions, gait, arousal (hypo- and hyper- activity), posture, stereotypy, behavior, breathing, ataxia and hypotonia.
Reactivity to manipulation and to different stimuli: The following parameter measurements, reflexes and responses were recorded: touch response, forelimb grip strength, pupillary reflex, visual stimulus response, auditory startle reflex, tail pinch response, righting reflex, landing foot splay, at the end of observation: rectal temperature.
Motor activity: Finally, motor activity was measured once by automated infra-red sensor equipment over a 60-minute period.
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No data
BODY WEIGHT (PARENTAL ANIMALS): Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: The body weight of each male was recorded on the first day of treatment (day 1), then once a week until sacrifice. The body weight of each female was recorded on the first day of treatment (day 1), then once a week until mated, on days 0, 7, 14 and 20 post-coitum (p.c.) and days 1 and 5 p.p..
- The body weight of each animal sacrificed as scheduled after the end of the pairing period for males or on day 6 p.p. for females was recorded before sacrifice.
FOOD CONSUMPTION (PARENTAL ANIMALS): Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: The quantity of food consumed by each male was measured once a week, over a 7-day period, from the first day of treatment until the start of the pairing period. The quantity of food consumed by each female was measured once a week, over a 7-day period, from the first day of treatment until the start of the pairing period, during pregnancy for the intervals days 0-7, 7-14 and 14-20 p.c. and during lactation for the interval days 1-5 p.p.
HAEMATOLOGY (PARENTAL ANIMALS): Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: from the first five males and the first five females to be sacrificed on day 6 p.p. from each group on the day of sacrifice.
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (isoflurane)
- Blood samples were taken from the orbital sinus of the animals, under light isoflurane anesthesia, into appropriate tubes.
- Animals fasted: Yes; an overnight period of at least 14 hours
- How many animals: five males and five females
- Parameters checked: Erythrocytes, Mean cell volume, Packed cell volume, Hemoglobin, Mean cell hemoglobin Concentration, Mean cell hemoglobin, Thrombocytes, Leucocytes, Differential white cell count with cell morphology (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and large unstained cells, monocytes), Reticulocytes, Prothrombin time, Fibrinogen, Activated partial thromboplastin time.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (PARENTAL ANIMALS): Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: from the first five males and the first five females to be sacrificed on day 6 p.p. from each group on the day of sacrifice.
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (isoflurane)
- Blood samples were taken from the orbital sinus of the animals, under light isoflurane anesthesia, into appropriate tubes.
- Animals fasted: Yes; an overnight period of at least 14 hours
- How many animals: five males and five females
- Parameters checked: Sodium, Potassium, Chloride , Calcium, Inorganic phosphorus, Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, Bilirubin (total), Cholesterol (total), Triglycerides, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, Protein (total), Albumin, Albumin/Globulin ratio and Bile acids
URINALYSIS: No data
PREGNANCY AND PARTURITION:
- Females were allowed to litter normally and rear their progeny until day 5 p.p.. Any sign of a difficult or prolonged parturition was recorded. The morning when the parturition was completed was designated day 1 p.p.. The length of gestation was calculated. - Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- The estrous cycle stage was determined from a fresh vaginal lavage (stained with methylene blue), each morning during the pairing period, until the females were mated.
- Sperm parameters (parental animals):
- Parameters examined in male parental generations: testis weight, epididymis weight, detailed histological examination of the testes and epididymides with special emphasis on stages of spermatogenesis and histopathology of interstitial testicular cell structure.
- Litter observations:
- PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in F1 offspring:
- Litters were examined for litter size, sex of each pup and any gross anomalies.
- The litters were observed daily in order to note the number of live, dead and cannibalized pups.
- The pups were observed daily for clinical signs, abnormal behavior and external abnormalities.
- The body weight of each pup was recorded on days 1 and 5 p.p..
GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
yes, for external abnormalities - Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- SACRIFICE (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
- On completion of the treatment period, after at least 14 hours fasting, all surviving F0 animals were deeply anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital and sacrificed by exsanguination: males: after the end of the pairing period (5 weeks of treatment in total); females: on day 6 p.p..
- One female was prematurely sacrificed during the gestation period. This female was deeply anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital and sacrificed by exsanguination.
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
- All parent animals were submitted to complete macroscopic post-mortem examination, either at the scheduled necropsy or during the study if death occurred to establish, if possible, the cause of death. This included examination of the external surfaces, all orifices, the cranial
cavity, the external surfaces of the brain and spinal cord, the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities with their associated organs and tissues and the neck with its associated organs and tissues. Special attention was paid to the reproductive organs.
- For prematurely sacrificed animals the pregnancy status was determined. The presence of implantation scars on the uterus was checked using the ammonium sulphide staining technique. Implantation sites and corpora lutea were counted and recorded for females sacrificed as scheduled on day 6 p.p..
ORGAN WEIGHTS
Body weight of each animal was recorded before sacrifice and the organs specified in the table 7.8.1/2 were weighed. The ratio of organ weight to body weight (recorded immediately before sacrifice) was calculated.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
- Samples of the tissues specified in the table 7.8.1/2 were preserved in 10% buffered formalin (except for the testes and epididymides which were fixed in modified Davidson's fixative).
- All tissues required for microscopic examination were trimmed, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned at a thickness of approximately four microns and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (except testes and epididymides which were stained with hematoxylin/PAS). Microscopic examination was performed on all tissues listed in the table 7.8.1/2 from the first five sacrificed as scheduled males and the first five females sacrificed on day 6 p.p. of the control and high-dose groups (groups 1 and 4) and from the prematurely sacrificed female, and on all macroscopic lesions of all groups. Based on the microscopic findings seen in the kidneys of high-dose males, a microscopic examination was performed on the kidneys from group 2 and group 3 males. Special emphasis was paid to the stages of spermatogenesis in the male gonads and histopathology of interstitial testicular cell structure. - Postmortem examinations (offspring):
- SACRIFICE (LITTER):
- Surviving pups were sacrificed by an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital on day 5 p.p..
GROSS NECROPSY (LITTER):
- A macroscopic post-mortem examination of the principal thoracic and abdominal organs was performed on all found dead pups and on all pups sacrificed on day 5 p.p.. Special attention was paid to the reproductive organs and to whether the pup has fed (e.g. presence of milk in the stomach). No tissues were preserved. - Statistics:
- - Data are expressed as group mean values ± standard deviation (body weight, body weight change, food consumption, number of corpora lutea, number of implantation sites, number of pups and pup body weight, gestation length) or as proportions (pre-implantation loss, post-implantation loss, pup observations, mating index, fertility index, gestation index, live birth index, viability index). Whenever appropriate, the experimental unit of comparison was the litter. Data of the non-pregnant female are not included in group mean calculations such as body weight, body weight change, food consumption.
- Body weight, food consumption and reproductive data are compared by one-way analysis of variances and Dunnett test (mean values being considered as normally distributed, variances being considered as homogenous) or by Fischer exact probability test (proportions).
- Hematology and blood biochemistry data are compared by various tests according to a decision tree: Dunnett-test, Dunn test or Mann-Whitney / Wilcoxon test (according to variance homogeneity between groups) were applied if the variables could be assumed to follow a normal distribution for the comparison of the treated groups and the control groups. Mann-Whitney / Wilcoxon test or Dunn test were applied when the data could not be assumed to follow a normal distribution.
- PathData software (version 6.2d2) was used to perform the statistical analysis of organ weight data (level of significance: 0.05 or 0.01) by Dunn test if >2 groups or Wilcoxon test if 2 groups and Dunnett test if >2 groups or t-test if 2 groups, based on normal distribution and homogeneity of variance. - Reproductive indices:
- Pre-implantation loss = (Number of corpora lutea - Number of implantation sites)/ Number of corpora lutea x 100
Post-implantation loss (calculated manually) = (Number of implantation sites - Number of live pups)/ Number of implantation sites x 100
Mating index = Number of mated animals / Number of paired animals x 100
Fertility index = Number of pregnant female partners / Number of mated pairs x 100
Gestation index = Number of females with live born pups / Number of pregnant females x 100 - Offspring viability indices:
- Live birth index = Number of live born pups / Number of delivered pups x 100
Viability index = Number of surviving pups on day 4 p.p. / Number of live born pups x 100
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
General toxicity (P0)
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Other effects:
- not examined
Reproductive function / performance (P0)
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- no effects observed
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- no effects observed
- Reproductive performance:
- no effects observed
Details on results (P0)
- There were no deaths considered as test item-related. One female given 1000 mg/kg/day was prematurely sacrificed on day 4 p.c. on ethical grounds as this animal displayed hindlimb immobilized before sacrifice. No necropsy findings were noted. In view of the duration of the treatment, and absence of pre-neoplastic or neoplastic hematopoietic lesions in other test item-treated animals, this isolated finding was considered to be fortuitous. There were no other unscheduled deaths during the study.
- There were no test item treatment-related clinical signs.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
- There were no test item treatment-related effects on mean body weight or mean body weight gain.
- When compared with the control group, a slightly lower mean body weight gain was observed in females treated at 1000 mg/kg/day during the whole pre-mating period (+30 g and +18 g between Days 1 – 15, respectively). When compared with the control group, the opposite trend was noted in all test item-treated males with a statistical significance over the last 3 weeks at 250 and 1000 mg/kg/day (+31 g, +50 g and +49 g between Days 15 – 36, respectively). Since these differences were not dose-related and of opposite tendency and since these differences had no impact on the final body weights, they were considered not to be relevant.
FOOD CONSUMPTION (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
- When compared with the mean control values, females treated at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day had statistically significantly lower food consumption (23 g/rat/day, 20 g/rat/day and 21 g/rat/day between Days 1 – 8 of Pre-mating, respectively). As this effect was minimal, not dose-related and limited to the first week of the pre-mating period, it was considered to be of no toxicological importance. There were no effects on mean food consumption at these dose-levels in males.
- The test item did not affect the food consumption at any of the dose-levels employed.
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
- No relevant findings were noted during functional observational battery testing in test item-treated groups when compared with the control groups.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
- There were no test item-related findings on hematology parameters. Lower mean values of Mean Cell Hemoglobin, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times recorded in males given the high dose-level were considered to be of no toxicological importance as they were minimal, with no biological significance and/or isolated variations.
- When compared with the mean control values, the cholesterol concentration of males treated at 1000 mg/kg/day was 77% higher (2.3 vs. 1.3 mmol/L, p<0.01). In absence of treatment-related microscopic findings in the liver, these variations were considered to be of minor toxicological importance.
REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
- There were no evident signs of disturbances of the estrus cycle. There were no test item-related effects on mating and fertility data.
- At 1000 mg/kg/day, the higher pre-implantation loss (11.2% instead of 5.2 % in control group) was considered to be fortuitous in origin and not considered to be related to the test item administration since the number of pups per litter was unaffected. There were no effects on the mean numbers of corpora lutea, implantations or pups at any dose-level, nor on the duration of gestation or the extent of post-implantation losses.
ORGAN WEIGHTS (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
- Test item-related changes were observed for the liver in males. There were no test item-related organ weight changes in females. When compared with controls, there was a slight increase in the mean absolute and relative liver weights in males given the test item at 1000 mg/kg/day (+31% and +26%, respectively), reaching statistical significance for the relative weight only. A minimal trend was also present at 500 mg/kg/day (+22% and + 18%, respectively), but the differences were not statistically significant. These variations were considered to be related to the test item but were considered not to be adverse in view of the slight magnitude of the changes.
- The mean absolute and relative spleen weights were slightly higher in males given the test item at 1000 mg/kg/day compared with controls (up to +29%). This correlated at microscopic examination with increased congestion in two animals, and was considered to be an agonal phenomenon related to euthanasia with pentobarbital.
- Other occasional organ weight changes were not considered to be related to the test item as they were small in amplitude, had no gross or microscopic correlates, and/or were not dose-related in magnitude.
GROSS PATHOLOGY (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
- In the vagina of the female given 1000 mg/kg/day prematurely sacrificed on day 4 p.c., there was a slight subacute inflammation, and moderate mucification of the mucosal epithelium. Low development of the corpora lutea in the ovaries and slight glandular atrophy in the stomach (fundus) may have been secondary to stress and poor clinical condition of this animal. None of these findings were attributed to the test item.
- There were no macroscopic findings attributed to the test item administration. The thymus was reduced in size in a single female in each of the 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day dose-groups.
This correlated at microscopic examination with lymphoid atrophy. However lymphoid atrophy was recorded with similar incidence in controls and high-dose females. These macroscopic findings were therefore considered to be incidental and unrelated to the test item administration.
HISTOPATHOLOGY (PARENTAL ANIMALS)
- There were no effects on the genital organs examined in any groups. A careful qualitative histopathological examination of the testes was performed. There were no effects on the germ cells or interstitial (Leydig) cells.
- Test item-related microscopic findings occurred in the kidneys from males. There were no test item-related findings in females. In the kidneys, tubular hyaline droplets were seen with increased incidence and severity in males given the test item at 1000 mg/kg/day compared with controls. This was characterized by the presence of dense eosinophilic droplets in proximal tubular epithelium. These hyaline droplets, occasionally seen in untreated male rats, are consistent with α2u globulin. Although human excrete proteins of a similar nature, they are found in only trace amounts and therefore this finding is considered to be non-relevant for human. There were no significant findings at 250 and 500 mg/kg/day.
- Other microscopic findings noted in treated animals were considered incidental changes, as they also occurred in controls, were of low incidence, had no dose-relationship in incidence or severity, and/or are common background findings for the Sprague-Dawley rat.
Effect levels (P0)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Remarks:
- (systemic toxicity)
- Effect level:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Remarks:
- (reproductive toxicity)
- Effect level:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No adverse effects observed on mating, fertility and delivery data in any group
Results: F1 generation
General toxicity (F1)
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality / viability:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Sexual maturation:
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not examined
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings:
- not examined
Details on results (F1)
- There were no effects on pup viability and none of the observed clinical signs were considered to be test item-related (comparable incidences in control pups or not dose-related).
- There were no effects of treatment with the test item on the percentage of male pups at birth at any dose-levels.
OFFSPRING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
- There were no effects of treatment with the test item on mean body weight and mean body weight change in pups.
- The macroscopic findings were considered not to be of toxicological importance as these findings can appear spontaneously and as they were no test item-related (no dose-relationship and slight incidences).
Effect levels (F1)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Remarks:
- (developmental toxicity)
- Generation:
- F1
- Effect level:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: No adverse effects observed on pups by day 5 post partum (viability, clinical signs, sex ratio, macroscopic post-mortem findings)
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
None
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the test condition, the dose-level of 1000 mg/kg/day was considered to be the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for parental and systemic toxicity (based on findings in the kidneys of males) and the No Observed Effect Level (NOEL) for reproductive performance (mating and fertility) and for toxic effects on progeny.
- Executive summary:
In a Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 422 and in compliance with GLP, 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol diluted in Phosphate Buffer Saline solution was administered daily by oral gavage to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (10/sex/dose), for 2 weeks before mating, during mating and (for females) throughout gestation and until day 5 post-partum, at dose-levels of 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg bw/day. A control group was treated with Phosphate Buffer Saline solution. During the study, data was recorded on mortality, clinical signs, behavioural assessments, body weight change, food consumption, haematology, blood chemistry, mating performance, fertility and gestation length. All animals were subjected to a gross necropsy examination, selected organs were weighed and histopathological evaluation of selected tissues was performed. The clinical condition of offspring, litter size and survival, sex ratio and offspring bodyweight were assessed and macroscopic pathology investigations were undertaken.
No test item-related deaths or clinical signs were noted in any group and sex. No toxicologically relevant effects on mean body weight, mean food consumption, mean Functional Observation Battery and motor activity data and mean clinical pathology parameters in any group and sex. The increase in the absolute and relative liver weights recorded in males given 1000 mg/kg bw/day was considered not to be adverse in view of the slight magnitude of the changes and the absence of microscopic correlates. None of the macroscopic findings were attributed to the test item administration. At histopathology, tubular hyaline droplets in the kidneys (consistent with rat-specific alpha-2u-globulin) were seen with increased incidence and severity in males treated at 1000 mg/kg bw/day compared to controls (presence of dense eosinophilic droplets in proximal tubular epithelium). This finding was not observed at 250 or 500 mg/kg bw/day. These kidney effects were considered to be related to alpha-2u globulin nephropathy and of no relevance to humans. There were no toxicologically relevant effects on mean mating, fertility and delivery data in any group. There were no test item-related effects on pups by day 5 post partum (viability, clinical signs, sex ratio, macroscopic post-mortem findings).
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