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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
5.29 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
effect on fertility
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
300 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
528.95 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Kinetics (metabolism, distribution and excretion) are considered to be similar for oral and inhalation intake in the absence of evidence of the opposite.


Starting point:
NOAEL of 300 mg/kg bw/day in a 90-day repeated dose toxicity study in rat.
An additional factor of 1.4 was included in the modification calculation to take into account correction for differences between human and experimental exposure conditions. When correcting an oral NOAEL to inhalation NOAEC the correction factor for worker population would be: 7 day/week (experimental animal exposure, check study) / 5 days/week (worker exposure conditions) = 1.4. This additional factor is also provided by the IUCLID DNEL calculator tool.


Conversion of an oral NOAEL into a corrected NOAEC:


For workers (8h exposure/day), the corrected inhalatory NOAEC = oral NOAEL * 1/sRVrat * ABSoral-rat /ABSinhal-human * sRVhuman/wRV


= 300 * 1/0.38 m3/kg/8h * ABSoral-rat /ABSinhal-human * 6.7 m3 (8h)/10 m3 (8h) *1.4


= 300 * 1/0.38 m3/kg/8h * 1 * 6.7 m3 (8h)/10 m3 (8h) *1.4


= 300 /0.38 * 1* (6.7/10) = 528.95 mg/m3

AF for dose response relationship:
4
Justification:
Value is NOAEL. An additional factor 4 is included to take account of the lower sensitivity the OECD 422 study for fertility effects.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
Extrapolation from sub-chronic study to chronic exposure worker
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
No correction for caloric demand for inhalation; is included in dose descriptor starting point
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
Difference in sensitivity among workers
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
Reliable studies used
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.75 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
effect on fertility
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
400
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
300 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Kinetics (metabolism, distribution and excretion) are considered to be similar for oral and dermal intake in the absence of evidence of the opposite. Correction dermal NOAEL: 300 x 100/100a = 300 mg/kg bw/day (a % oral/dermal absorption)

AF for dose response relationship:
4
Justification:
Value is NOAEL. An additional factor 4 is included to take account of the lower sensitivity the OECD 422 study for fertility effects.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
Extrapolation from sub-chronic study to chronic exposure worker
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
Correction for caloric demand from rat to human
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
Difference in sensitivity among workers
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
Reliable studies used
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
sensitisation (skin)

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
1.3 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
effect on fertility
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
200
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
250 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
260.87 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Kinetics (metabolism, distribution and excretion) are considered to be similar for oral and inhalation intake in the absence of evidence of the opposite.


For the general population (24h exposure/day), the corrected inhalatory NOAEC = oral NOAEC * 1/sRVrat * ABSoral-rat /ABSinhal-human


= 300 * 1/1.15 m3/kg * ABSoral-rat /ABSinhal-human


= 300 * 1/1.15 m3/kg * 1 = 260.87 mg/m3


 


With ABS: Absorption, sRV: Standard Respiratory Volume;


ABSoral-rat /ABSinhal-human= 100/100= 1, assuming no differences in inhalation absorption between rats and humans.

AF for dose response relationship:
4
Justification:
Value is NOAEL. An additional factor 4 is included to take account of the lower sensitivity the OECD 422 study for fertility effects.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
Extrapolation from sub-chronic study to chronic exposure worker
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
No correction for caloric demand for inhalation; is included in dose descriptor starting point
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Difference in sensitivity within general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
Reliable studies used
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.375 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
effect on fertility
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
800
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
300 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

Kinetics (metabolism, distribution and excretion) are considered to be similar for oral and dermal intake in the absence of evidence of the opposite. Correction dermal NOAEL: 300 x 100/100a = 300 mg/kg bw/day (a % oral/dermal absorption)

AF for dose response relationship:
4
Justification:
Value is NOAEL. An additional factor 4 is included to take account of the lower sensitivity the OECD 422 study for fertility effects.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
Extrapolation from sub-chronic study to chronic exposure
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
Correction for caloric demand from rat to human
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Difference in sensitivity within general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
Reliable studies used
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
sensitisation (skin)

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.375 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
effect on fertility
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
800
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
300 mg/kg bw/day
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

No modification needed, repeated dose study via the oral route is available.

AF for dose response relationship:
4
Justification:
Value is NOAEL. An additional factor 4 is included to take account of the lower sensitivity the OECD 422 study for fertility effects.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
Extrapolation from sub-chronic study to chronic exposure worker
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
Correction for caloric demand from rat to human
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Difference in sensitivity among general population
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
Reliable studies used
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Additional information - General Population