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EC number: 209-952-3 | CAS number: 598-78-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Remarks:
- other: See attached paper under methods
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1982
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Full methodology described in the paper, although GLP status unknown
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 982
- Report date:
- 1982
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Weanling rats were maintained on pulverized Wayne Lab-Blox for 1 week before the drugs were added to their diet. Rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (Lab-Blox alone), dichloroacetate-treated (0.04 mol/kg of feed) or 2-chloropropionate-treated (0.04 mol/kg of feed). There were six male rats in each group. The drugs were administered by mixing the sodium salts of the drugs with the pulverized feed and allowing the rats to feed ad libitum. Body weights were determined weekly and food consumption was measured daily. After 12 weeks animals were sacrificed and tissue specimens taken from testes, kidney and other organs were fixed, sectioned and stained (H&E) for histological examination.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium 2-chloropropionate
- EC Number:
- 241-067-8
- EC Name:
- Sodium 2-chloropropionate
- Cas Number:
- 16987-02-3
- Molecular formula:
- C3H5ClO2.Na
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium 2-chloropropanoate
- Details on test material:
- Tested substance was Sodium 2-Chloropropionate, CAS Number 16987-02-3, EC Number 241-067-8.
2-Chloropropionic acid was neutralised with sodium hydroxide prior to use.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Male Wistar rats were obtained from Harlan Industries or Cox Laboratory Supply Company (Indianapolis). Animals were kept in the facilities of the Indiana University Laboratory Animal Resource centre and fed Wayne LabBlox ad libitum.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Details on oral exposure:
- Sodium 2-Chloropropionate was mixed with pulverised feed (Lab-Blox) [0.04 mol/kg of feed) and the rats allowed to feed ad libitum.
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- The rats were allowed to feed ad libitum for 12 weeks
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0 mmol/kgbw/day (control)
Basis:
nominal in diet
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
4 mmol/kg bw/day
Basis:
nominal in diet
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Six animals
- Control animals:
- yes, plain diet
- Details on study design:
- Male rats only were used. Weanlings were acclimatized for one week before being fed test diets of constant incorporation rate. There is no indication that any clinical pathology investigations were performed and at termination the tissue list was restricted to testes, kidney “and other organs”. These latter included at least brain and peripheral nerve as results from these are reported. Organs weighed were adrenals, brain, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, prostate (ventral), spleen, testes with epididymis and thyroid.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No lesions were reported.
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not specified
- Description (incidence and severity):
- In all six treated rats there was evidence of arrest of testicular maturation and degeneration of germ cells. Some seminiferous tubules were lined with Sertoli cells only. Histologically prostate was unaffected.
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Description (incidence and severity):
- None
- Details on results:
- BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
Bodyweight was stated as recorded weekly, but only the terminal bodyweights and total bodyweight gains are reported. In the group fed 2-chloropropionic acid, terminal bodyweights are approx. 70% of control while bodyweight gain was approx 63% of control values. These indicate that the maximum tolerated dose was clearly exceeded by some considerable margin.
FOOD EFFICIENCY
Food consumption was reported to be recorded daily, but only total consumption over the full period of the study is reported in the publication. Food efficiency was reported as unaffected, although the calculated value is slightly in excess of control.
NEUROBEHAVIOUR
Hind limb weakness and abnormal gait were observed in treated animals within 2-4 weeks after the test diets were offered.
ORGAN WEIGHTS
Brain weight, heart weight, kidneys weight, liver weight, spleen weight, testes plus epididymes weight were all significantly reduced compared to controls. Adrenals and thyroid weights were comparable to controls. The weight of ventral prostate was only about 65% of control value, although the difference was not claimed as statistically significant. When adjusted for bodyweight only heart and testes plus epididymes weight were significantly reduced compared to control. As expected, some organs showed an apparent statistical increase in organ:bodyweight ratio, notably brain and adrenals, reflecting the fact that these weights are not generally closely correlated with bodyweight.
GROSS PATHOLOGY
No lesions were reported.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
In all six treated rats there was evidence of arrest of testicular maturation and degeneration of germ cells. Some seminiferous tubules were lined with Sertoli cells only. Histologically prostate was unaffected.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NEOPLASTIC (if applicable)
None.
OTHER FINDINGS
There was no clinical pathology performed in this study. The range of tissues taken for histological examination was not detailed. However, in the discussion of the paper only it is claimed that 2-chloropropionate caused a decrease in plasma-triglycerol levels with no significant change in serum ketone bodies. This is probably an indirect effect resulting from the severely depressed bodyweight gain of these rats. Although clinical signs of neurotoxicity were seen there is no evidence of histological change at least in the organs examined.
Effect levels
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Effect level:
- 270 mg/kg diet
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- behaviour (functional findings)
- histopathology: non-neoplastic
- organ weights and organ / body weight ratios
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Hind limb weakness and abnormal gait were observed within 2 to 4 weeks. Weights of liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, testes plus epididymis and brain were significantly less that in the control group. The organ:body weight ratios were significantly larger than the corresponding control ratios for adrenals and lungs. Sodium 2-chloropropionate inhibited growth of testes as evidenced by the fact that the ratio of the weight of testes plus epididymis to the body weight was significantly smaller than in the control group. Degeneration of germ cells was also observed.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- A rat feeding study was conducted using male rats only. At the selected dose levels, which declined from approx 430 to approx 270 mg/kg/day during the course of the study , the only clinical signs recorded were hind limb weakness and abnormal gait. Organ weight changes were mainly attributable to the depressed weight gain. However, the substance caused testicular abnormalities were are probably indicative of a delayed maturation reflecting the severe depression of bodyweight of these rats.
- Executive summary:
A feeding study was conducted in six male rats by mixing the substance with pulverised feed at 0.04 moles substance/kg feed which was fed ad libitum for 12 weeks. Received doses varied from approx 430 mg/kg/day at the start of the study to 270 mg/kg/day at the end. Hind limb weakness and abnormal gait were observed within 2-4 weeks. Weights of liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, testes plus epididymis and brain were significantly less than in the control group. Prostate weight were approx 65% of control value, although the difference was not statistically significant. When organs:bodyweights were considered, only the testes plus epididymis weight was depressed compared to the control with apparent increases for adrenals and lungs, although these organs are not notably sensitivfe to bodyweight change. It was reported that 2-chloropropionate-treated rats had significantly lower plasma triglycerols than controls, although this presumably reflects the depressed bodyweight rather than a specific effect. Histologically the reduced testicular weight accompanied by arrested maturation and degeneration of germ cells, possibly reflected the substantially reduced bodyweight.
It is evident that the single dose tested was well in excess of the maximum tolerated dose so that any conclusions drawn must be tentative.
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