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EC number: 270-115-0 | CAS number: 68411-30-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Biodegradation in soil
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in soil: simulation testing
- Type of information:
- read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The studies are very well documented in this peer-reviewed publication.
- Justification for type of information:
- Commercial LAS as present in primary sludge or anaerobically digested sludge from WWTPs in the United Kingdom. The LAS present in primary sludge or anaerobically disgested sludge may be of slightly different homolog distribution than commercially available for LAS, therefore the test material identity is marked as not being the same as that in section 1. Given that the analysis of the field samples showed evidence of LAS components, the composition is similar enough to justify readacross.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The disappearance of LAS from sludge-amended soils was investigated from 51 fields on 24 farms in the Thames Water Authority, U.K. Annual sludge spreading averaged 6 ton/ha. Application of sludge was made by subsurface injection, surface spreading onto arable land with or without ploughing, or surface spreading onto pasture land. Regular sampling was conducted for up to 122 days. LAS concentrations in the soil were analyzed with HPLC.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- field trial
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- not specified
- Soil classification:
- not specified
- Details on soil characteristics:
- 51 fields on 24 farms in the Thames Water Authority, U.K. Annual sludge spreading averaged 6 ton/ha. Application of sludge was made by subsurface injection, surface spreading onto arable land with or without ploughing, or surface spreading onto pasture land.
- Duration:
- <= 122 d
- DT50:
- > 7 - < 22 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Temperature not given
- Transformation products:
- not specified
- Evaporation of parent compound:
- not specified
- Volatile metabolites:
- not specified
- Residues:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- In fields not recently spread with sludge, the concentrations of LAS found in the sludge amended soil were generally less than 1 mg/kg. This represents an estimated loss of LAS from soil of >98%. In fields recently spread, the concentrations in soil are in the range of <0.2 to 20 mg/kg, representing losses of LAS between 70 and 99% of the estimated total cumulative load. The identity of the degradation products was not analyzed.
- Conclusions:
- The authors conclude that overall the data indicate that an adequate safety margin exists between the concentrations of LAS in sludge-amended soils and those likely to affect the growth of crop plants.
- Executive summary:
The disappearance of LAS from sludge-amended soils was investigated from 51 fields on 24 farms in the Thames Water Authority. Sludge was applied by subsurface injection, or surface spreading. Sampling was conducted for up to 122 days. In fields not recently spread with sludge, the concentrations of LAS found in the sludge amended soil were generally less than 1 mg/kg. In fields recently spread, the concentrations in soil are in the range of 0.2 to 20 mg/kg, representing losses of LAS between 70 and 99% of the estimated total cumulative load.
Reference
Half-lives compare well with those for ultimate degradation in lab soil tests (with 14-C-evolution), indicating that the degradation of LAS does not lead to the formation of significant levels of break-down intermediates in soil.
Description of key information
The disappearance of LAS from sludge-amended soils was investigated from 51 fields on 24 farms in the Thames Water Authority (United Kingdom). Sludge was applied by subsurface injection or surface spreading. Sampling was conducted for up to 122 days. The disappearance of LAS from sludge-amended soils was reported as having a Half-life = between 7 and 22 days.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The disappearance of LAS from sludge-amended soils was investigated from 51 fields on 24 farms in the Thames Water Authority (United Kingdom). Sludge was applied by subsurface injection or surface spreading. Sampling was conducted for up to 122 days. In fields not recently spread with sludge, the concentrations of LAS found in the sludge amended soil were generally less than 1 mg/kg. In fields recently spread, the concentrations in soil were in the range of <0.2 to 20 mg/kg, representing losses of LAS between 70% and 99% of the estimated total cumulative load. The authors conclude that overall the data indicate that an adequate safety margin exists between the concentrations of LAS in sludge-amended soils and those likely to affect the growth of crop plants. Half-lives compare well with those for ultimate degradation in lab soil tests (with14-C-evolution), indicating that the degradation of LAS does not lead to the formation of significant levels of breakdown intermediates in soil.
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