Reaction mass of ditungsten carbide and tungsten carbide

Melting point / freezing point

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

calculation (if not (Q)SAR)

Remarks:

Migrated phrase: estimated by calculation

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail

Remarks:

Older study, conducted prior to standard methods.

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Hot and cold pressing was used to prepare homogeneous samples of 0-90% C. Samples were then analyzed by differential thermal analysis and subjected to quenching studies. The eutectic temperature was then calculated.

GLP compliance:

no

Type of method:

other: Differential Thermal Analysis and High Temperature Quenching

Key result

Melting / freezing pt.:

ca. 2 525 °C

Atm. press.:

other: Local ambient pressure

Remarks on result:

other: Eutectic point of WC-W2C

Key result

Melting / freezing pt.:

2 710 - 2 760 °C

Atm. press.:

other: Local ambient pressure

Remarks on result:

other: Eutectic range between W and W2C and beta-W2C

Conclusions:

Differential thermal analysis and quenching study calculations identify 2525°C as the eutectic point of WC-W2C, and 2710-2760°C as the eutectic range between W and W2C and beta-W2C.

Executive summary:

Due to the similar chemical constituency and structure between the source substance (tungsten carbide) and the target substance (fused tungsten carbide), the physico-chemical properties would be expected to be the same or sufficiently similar such that application of read-across from tungsten carbide is appropriate for this endpoint. For more details, refer to the attached read-across approach document.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Remarks:

Data from peer-reviewed handbook or collection of data.

Justification for type of information:

1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH: The hypothesis is that properties are likely to be similar or follow a similar pattern because of the presence of a common metal ion, in this case tungstate.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES):
Source: Tungsten Carbide
Target: Fused tungsten carbide
3. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION: See Annex 3 in CSR
4. DATA MATRIX: See Annex 3 in CSR

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Data in this peer-reviewed publication were taken from many sources, including both compilations and primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable were chosen for inclusion in the handbook. Reference sources were not provided for this parameter, nor was the experimental method.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Key result

Melting / freezing pt.:

2 785 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other: assumed to be tested under standard conditions

Conclusions:

The read-across source substance, tungsten carbide, has a reported melting point in the range 2785-2920°C. Additionally, calculations put the beginning of fusion: between 2750 and 2780°C, and end of fusion: between 2750 and over 3000°C [extrapolated to 3150°C].

Executive summary:

Due to the similar chemical constituency and structure between the source substance (tungsten carbide) and the target substance ( fused tungsten carbide), the physico-chemical properties would be expected to be the same or sufficiently similar such that application of read-across from tungsten carbide is appropriate for this endpoint. For more details, refer to the attached read-across approach document.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Remarks:

Data from peer-reviewed handbook or collection of data.

Justification for type of information:

1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH: The hypothesis is that properties are likely to be similar or follow a similar pattern because of the presence of a common metal ion, in this case tungstate.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES):
Source: Tungsten Carbide
Target: Fused tungsten carbide
3. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION: See Annex 3 in CSR
4. DATA MATRIX: See Annex 3 in CSR

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Data in this peer-reviewed publication were taken from many sources, including both compilations and primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable were chosen for inclusion in the handbook. Reference sources were not provided for this parameter, nor was the experimental method.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Key result

Melting / freezing pt.:

2 785 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other: assumed to be tested under standard conditions

Conclusions:

The read-across substance, tungsten carbide, has a reported melting point in the range 2785-2920°C. Additionally, calculations put the beginning of fusion: between 2750 and 2780°C, and end of fusion: between 2750 and over 3000°C [extrapolated to 3150°C].

Executive summary:

Due to the similar chemical constituency and structure between the source substance (tungsten carbide) and the target substance ( fused tungsten carbide), the physico-chemical properties would be expected to be the same or sufficiently similar such that application of read-across from tungsten carbide is appropriate for this endpoint. For more details, refer to the attached read-across approach document.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

melting point/freezing point

Type of information:

read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Data from peer-reviewed handbook or collection of data.

Justification for type of information:

1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH: The hypothesis is that properties are likely to be similar or follow a similar pattern because of the presence of a common metal ion, in this case tungstate.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES):
Source: Tungsten Carbide
Target: Fused tungsten carbide
3. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION: See Annex 3 in CSR
4. DATA MATRIX: See Annex 3 in CSR

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Data in this peer-reviewed publication were taken from many sources, including both compilations and primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable were chosen for inclusion in the handbook. Reference sources were not provided for this parameter, nor was the experimental method.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Melting / freezing pt.:

2 820 - 2 920 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other: assumed to be tested under standard conditions

Conclusions:

The read-across source substance, tungsten carbide, has a reported melting point in the range 2785-2920°C. Additionally, calculations put the beginning of fusion: between 2750 and 2780°C, and end of fusion: between 2750 and over 3000°C [extrapolated to 3150°C].

Description of key information

The read-across source substance, tungsten carbide, has a reported melting point in the range 2785-2920°C. Additionally, calculations put the beginning of fusion: between 2750 and 2780°C, and end of fusion: between 2750 and over 3000°C [extrapolated to 3150°C].

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Melting / freezing point at 101 325 Pa:

2 785 °C

Additional information

Due to the similar chemical constituency and structure between the source substance (tungsten carbide) and the target substance (fused tungsten carbide), the physico-chemical properties would be expected to be the same or sufficiently similar such that application of read-across from tungsten carbide is appropriate for this endpoint. For more details, refer to the attached read-across approach document.