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EC number: 915-093-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Acute Toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1998-02-24 to 1999-06-24
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- ell documented, scientifically sound study that was conducted accordiing to GLP and OECD guideline 402.
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH: The hypothesis is that properties are likely to be similar or follow a similar pattern because of the presence of a common metal ion, in this case tungstate.
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES):
Source: Tungsten Carbide
Target: Fused tungsten carbide
3. CATEGORY APPROACH JUSTIFICATION: See Annex 3 in CSR
4. DATA MATRIX: See Annex 3 in CSR
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 21 for Tungsten Carbide (12070-12-1), Washington DC,18-20 October, 2005
- Author:
- OECD-SIDS
- Year:
- 2 005
- Bibliographic source:
- UNEP Publications
- Report date:
- 2005
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tungsten carbide
- EC Number:
- 235-123-0
- EC Name:
- Tungsten carbide
- Cas Number:
- 12070-12-1
- Molecular formula:
- CW
- IUPAC Name:
- tungsten carbide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Tungsten Carbide Powder - Pure- Physical state: Grey powder- Analytical purity: >99.98%- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan UK Ltd Bicester Oxon England
- Age at study initiation: 8-11 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 208-255g
- Housing: Individually in metal cages with wire mesh floors
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad lib - Special Diet Services RM1(E) SQC expanded pellet
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21-22.5
- Humidity (%): 29-52%
- Air changes (per hr): 10-15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12 (0700 - 1900 hours)
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 1998-02-24 To: 1998-03-10
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- other: methylcellulose
- Details on dermal exposure:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: Dorso-lumbar region
- % coverage: 10%
- Type of wrap if used: Porous gauze held in place with a non-irritating dressing covered with a waterproof dressing encircling trunk of animal.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): Warm water (30 to 40 degrees C) to remove residual test substance. The treated area was blotted dry with absorbent paper.
- Time after start of exposure: 24 hours
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 2 mL/kg bodyweight
- Concentration (if solution): 100% w/v in 1% w/v aqueous methylcellulose
- Constant volume or concentration used: Yes
VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 1% w/v aqueous methylcellulose - Duration of exposure:
- 24 hours
- Doses:
- 2000 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 males and five females
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Cages of rats were checked at least twice daily for any mortalities
- Necropsy of survivors performed: Yes
- Other examinations performed: Clinical signs, body weight
CLINICAL SIGNS:
Animals were observed soon after dosing and at frequent intervals for the remainder of Day 1. On subsequent days animals were observed once in the morning and again at the end of the experimental day (with the exception of Day 15 - morning only). The nature and severity of the clinical signs and time were recorded at each observation.
BODYWEIGHT:
The bodyweight of each rat was recorded on Days 1 (prior to dosing), 8 and 15. Individual weekly bodyweight changes and group mean bodyweights were calculated.
TERMINAL STUDIES:
-Macroscopic pathology- All animals were subjected to a macroscopic examination which consisted of opening the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The macroscopic appearance of all tissues was recorded and macroscopic abnormalities were preserved. - Statistics:
- no data
Results and discussion
Effect levelsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEL
- Effect level:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- No deaths occurred.
- Clinical signs:
- other: No evidence of a systemic response in any animal throughout the study following a single dose application of Tungsten Carbide Powder - pure.
- Gross pathology:
- No macroscopic abnormalities were observed for animals killed at study termination on Day 15.
- Other findings:
- No dermal irritation was seen in any animal during the study.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The NOEL and acute lethal dose to rats of Tungsten Carbide Powder- Pure was demonstrated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg bodyweight.
- Executive summary:
No acute dermal toxicity data of sufficient quality are available for fused tungsten carbide (target substance). However, acute dermal toxicity data are available for tungsten carbide (source substance), which will be used for read-across. Due to similar water solubility and lower toxicity for the target substance compared to the source substance, the resulting read-across from the source substance to the target substance is appropriate. In addition, read-across is appropriate because the classification and labelling is similar for the source substance than the target substance, the PBT/vPvB profile is the same, and the dose descriptors are, or are expected to be, lower for the source substance. For more details, refer to the read-across category approach included in the Category section of this IUCLID submission and/or as an Annex in the CSR.
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