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EC number: 206-992-3 | CAS number: 420-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Dermal absorption
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- dermal absorption in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1989
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 989
- Report date:
- 1989
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- For priciples of method see below.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Cyanamide
- EC Number:
- 206-992-3
- EC Name:
- Cyanamide
- Cas Number:
- 420-04-2
- Molecular formula:
- CH2N2
- IUPAC Name:
- cyanamide
- Test material form:
- other: aqueous solution
- Details on test material:
- - Test substance: Cyanamide
- Appearance: Solid
- Purity: 99.5%
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- other: human
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- -The same group of 6 volunteers from the study with oral intake of cyanamide participated in this subsequent dermal absorption study
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- water
- Duration of exposure:
- 6 hours
- Doses:
- The same dose that was applied in the oral study, 20 mg (10 mg cyanamide were applied to each forearm). The dosage was applied to the skin by a gauze patch that was charged with 1 mL of a 1 % aqueous cyanamide solution.
- No. of animals per group:
- 6 human volunteers
- Control animals:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Urine samples collected before the Cyanamide application served as controls.
- Details on study design:
- - Cyanamide was applied on the skin by fixing a gauze patch under a watertight rubber foil on the inner side of each of the two forearms (2 patches per person). Each gauze was charged with 1 mL of a 1 % aqueous cyanamide solution for a period of 6 hours.
- The urine samples were collected over a period of 48 hours in 12 hours aliquots beginning immediately after the dermal application of cyanamide. Urine samples collected before the cyanamide application served as controls. Another urine sample was collected six days after cyanamide application
- After removal of the patches the contaminated skin areas were rinsed with water and wiped dry.
Results and discussion
- Signs and symptoms of toxicity:
- not examined
- Dermal irritation:
- not examined
- Absorption in different matrices:
- Under the experimental conditions of the study the absorbed dose of cyanamide after dermal application was estimated to be between 0.87 and 3.53 % (see table below in "Remarks on results")
- Conversion factor human vs. animal skin:
- Not needed, the presented skin absorption study was performed in human
Any other information on results incl. tables
Absorbed quantity of Cyanamide after dermal administration of 20 mg cyanamide for six hours (human volunteers):
Volunteer No | Cyanamide absorption 0 to 48 hours ( %) |
1 | 2.04 |
2 | 3.20 |
3 | 0.87 |
4 | 1.14 |
5 | 2.06 |
6 | 3.53 |
- The N-acetylcyanamide concentration in the urine of the test persons, except volunteer No 1 and 3 before and 6 days after the dermal application of the test material were below the limit of quantification. N-acetylcyanamide values of these two volunteers were very close to the above limit of quantification. It may be concluded that the values are caused by methodical variations at the limit of quantification. However, the urinary excretion of N-acetylcyanamide was completed for the most part after 24 hours.
- Dermal absorption figure was calculated by taking into account the excretion of N-acetylcyanamide of each human volunteer after oral administration of 20 mg cyanamide/person. As it is known that cyanamide is quantitative absorbed after oral administration the dermal absorbed dose can be determined.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The results of the dermal absorption study in human confirmed that N-acetylcyanamide is the main urinary metabolite of cyanamide. Cyanamide is absorbed through human skin and its excretion is efficient. The degree of dermal absorption of a 1 % aqueous cyanamide solution for a period of 6 hours exposure was found to be between 0.87 and 3.53 %.
- Executive summary:
The aim of the study (Gloxhuber, C., 1989, Doc. No. 512-004) was to elucidate differences in metabolism and excretion of hydrogen cyanamide in rats and humans. The present study record describes a part of this study, the one which was conducted in human and examined the dermal absorption of cyanamide.
The same group of 6 volunteers from the study with oral intake of cyanamide participated in a subsequent dermal absorption study. The inner sides of the forearms were chosen as application site. 10 mg cyanamide were applied to each forearm (20 mg per person). A gauze patch was charged with 1 % aqueous cyanamide solution and applied to the skin by an occlusive dressing for 6 hours. The urine samples were collected over a period of 48 hours in 12 hours aliquots beginning immediately after the dermal application of cyanamide. Urine samples collected before the cyanamide application served as controls. Another urine sample was collected six days after cyanamide application. After removal of the patches the contaminated skin areas were rinsed with water and wiped dry. The used patches were analysed for residual cyanamide to demonstrate that cyanamide was not decomposed during the application period.
The study results confirmed the results of the other two parts of the study (rat and human; oral), showing that N-acetylcyanamide is the main urinary metabolite of cyanamid. The excretion of cyanamide is efficient in human after dermally administered cyanamide as by orally administered cyanamide in rats and human, however, the dermal absorption is considerably delayed compared to the oral one. The degree of dermal absorption of a 1 % aqueous cyanamide solution for a period of 6 hours exposure was found to be between 0.87 and 3.53 %.
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