Chromium trichloride

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1978

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: well documented, contributing to assessment

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Comparative studies of chromosomal aberration and mutagenicity of the trivalent and hexavalent chromium.

Author:

Nakamuro K, Yoshikawa K, Sayato Y, Kurata H

Year:

1978

Bibliographic source:

Mutation Research, 58:175–181.

Report date:

1978

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 473 (In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test)

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

no

Type of assay:

in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Chromium trichloride

EC Number:

233-038-3

EC Name:

Chromium trichloride

Cas Number:

10025-73-7

Molecular formula:

Cl3Cr

IUPAC Name:

chromium trichloride

Test material form:

not specified

Details on test material:

CrCl3 was supplied by Wako Pure Chemmals Co. Ltd., Tokyo. The chromium compounds was dissolved m water. When necessary, 1 M NaOH or 1 M HC1 solution was added.

Method

Target gene:

Human leukocytes

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

other: Human leukocytes

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not specified

Metabolic activation:

not specified

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

32×10E-6M

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

not specified

True negative controls:

not specified

Positive controls:

not specified

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

Peripheral blood was obtained from a normal healthy man. Human leukocytes were cultured for 72 h according to the method already described.
CrCl3 was added to the leukocyte culture 24 h before the 4-h prefixation treatment with colchicine. Chromosome preparations were made by the standard flame-drying method.

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

other: Human leukocytes

Metabolic activation:

not specified

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

not specified

Vehicle controls validity:

not specified

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

not specified

Additional information on results:

Leukocyte cultures were treated with chromium compounds at random throughout the cell cycle; the frequency of structural chromosomal aberrations was given. When cultures were treated by the same concentration (32 × 10E-6 M) of each chromium compound, the karyotype of chromosome was not observed after treatment with compounds such as K2Cr207 and K2CrO4. In cultures treated with higher concentrations of chromium, a significant number of structural aberrations was observed compared with those in the control culture.
As chromium compounds had strong cytotoxiclty and comparatively high activity for chromosome damage, leukocytes were next exposed to lower concentrations near the natural level of chromium.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

Under this experimental conditions provide in this report, chromium trichloride did not induce positive clastogenic effects.

Executive summary:

This report was published to investigate chromosomal aberrations in human leukocyte cultures with compounds containing Cr 3+ including Cr(NO3)3, Cr(OOCCH3)3 and CrCl3, but also with K2CrO4 and K2Cr2O7. Peripheral blood was obtained from a normal healthy man. Human leukocytes were cultured for 72 h. Chromium compounds were added to the leukocyte culture 24 h before the 4-h prefixation treatment with colchicine. There was no significant difference between test and control cultures in the aberrations with breaks and exchanges or total aberrations, when CrCl3 was tested. In a comparison of the total aberration yield on an equimolar basis, the efficiency in inducing chromosomal aberrations was in the order K2Cr2O7 > K2CrO4 > > Cr(CH3COO)3 > Cr(NO3)3, CrCl3. The last three compounds containing trivalent chromium were significantly less efficient as compared with the first two hexavalent chromium compounds.