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EC number: 232-489-3 | CAS number: 8052-41-3 A colorless, refined petroleum distillate that is free from rancid or objectionable odors and that boils in a range of approximately 148.8°C to 204.4°C (300°F to 400°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Teratology study in rats, Stoddard solvent
- Author:
- API
- Year:
- 1 983
- Bibliographic source:
- Final report (Litton Bionetics Inc. Project No. 20698-2). Washington, DC, American Petroleum Institute (Microfiche FYI-AX-0183-0232).
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A Prenatal Development Toxicity Study equivalent or similar to OECD TG 414 was conducted using groups of 26 or 27 Sprague-Dawley female rats. Female rats were exposed by inhalation to white spirit (Stoddard solvent; boiling range, 157° to 204° C; 43% normal/branched aliphatics, 33% cyclic aliphatics, 24% aromatics) at concentrations of 0, 600, or 2400 mg/m3 (0, 100, and 400 ppm, respectively) for 6 hours per day on days 6 to 15 of gestation.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Stoddard solvent
- EC Number:
- 232-489-3
- EC Name:
- Stoddard solvent
- Cas Number:
- 8052-41-3
- Molecular formula:
- C10H22
- IUPAC Name:
- stoddard solvent
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Stoddard solvent; boiling range, 157° to 204° C; 43% normal/branched aliphatics, 33% cyclic aliphatics, 24% aromatics)
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Portage, MI
- Age at study initiation: 71 days
- Weight at study initiation: 261-264 g
- Housing: Individually housed in suspended stainless-steel cages with wire mesh floors and fronts- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 14 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-24
- Humidity (%): 38-74
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation
- Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Details on mating procedure:
- Impregnation procedure:
cohoused- If cohoused:
- M/F ratio per cage: 1:1
- Length of cohabitation: nightly
- Verification of same strain and source of both sexes: yes
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug and/or sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- days 6 to 15 of gestation
- Frequency of treatment:
- once daily
- Duration of test:
- up to day 3 post partum
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 0 mg/m³ air
- Dose / conc.:
- 600 mg/m³ air
- Remarks:
- 100 ppm
- Dose / conc.:
- 2 400 mg/m³ air
- Remarks:
- 400 ppm
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 26 and 27 animals per group
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- A Prenatal Development Toxicity Study equivalent or similar to OECD TG 414 was conducted using groups of 26 or 27 Sprague-Dawley female rats. Female rats were exposed by inhalation to white spirit (Stoddard solvent; boiling range, 157° to 204° C; 43% normal/branched aliphatics, 33% cyclic aliphatics, 24% aromatics) at concentrations of 0, 600, or 2400 mg/m3 (0, 100, and 400 ppm, respectively) for 6 hours per day on days 6 to 15 of gestation.
Examinations
- Statistics:
- 2x2 Coningency tables; Chi Square testcorrected for discontinuity using Yates correction; 2x2 tables,
Fisher 's exact Probability test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Student's t-test - Indices:
- Reproductive Index; Gestation Index; Viability Index
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
General toxicity (maternal animals)
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, non-treatment-related
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Details on results:
- No maternal toxicity or differences in litter size or average fetal weight were seen between the groups. There were no statistical differences for skeletal variations between the control group and the 100 ppm or the 400 ppm exposed group. The study director noted that pups in one litter in the 100 ppm group one litter in 400 ppm exposed groups had at least one unusual skeletal finding. The unusual variations were reduced ossification in various bones of the pups. The pups from these two litters had a significant reduced mean body weight when compared to control and to the mean of the treatment group:
Control mean body weight: 3.6 g;
100 ppm mean body weight: 3.7g, 100 ppm litter with unusual findings: 1.4g;
400 ppm mean body weight: 3.7g, 400 ppm litter with unusual findings: 2.0g.
The study concluded that the effects were considered expressions of retarded growth rather than malformations. Based on this information, the developmental NOAEC = 2400 mg/m3 or 400 ppm, the highest concentration tested.
Effect levels (maternal animals)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- 2 400 mg/m³ air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect level:
- body weight and weight gain
- clinical signs
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- based on expressions of retarded growth and not malformations
Maternal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
Results (fetuses)
- Fetal body weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- No maternal toxicity or differences in litter size or average fetal weight were seen between the groups. There were no statistical differences for skeletal variations between the control group and the 100 ppm or the 400 ppm exposed group. The study director noted that pups in one litter in the 100 ppm group one litter in 400 ppm exposed groups had at least one unusual skeletal finding. The unusual variations were reduced ossification in various bones of the pups. The pups from these two litters had a significant reduced mean body weight when compared to control and to the mean of the treatment group:
Control mean body weight: 3.6 g;
100 ppm mean body weight: 3.7g, 100 ppm litter with unusual findings: 1.4g;
400 ppm mean body weight: 3.7g, 400 ppm litter with unusual findings: 2.0g.
The study concluded that the effects were considered expressions of retarded growth rather than malformations. Based on this information, the developmental NOAEC = 2400 mg/m3 or 400 ppm, the highest concentration tested.
Effect levels (fetuses)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- 2 400 mg/m³ air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- fetal/pup body weight changes
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- based on significant reduced mean body weight when compared to control and to the mean of the treatment group
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
Overall developmental toxicity
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
A Prenatal Development Toxicity Study equivalent or similar to OECD TG 414 was conducted using groups of 26 or 27 Sprague-Dawley female rats. Female rats were exposed by inhalation to white spirit (Stoddard solvent; boiling range, 157° to 204° C; 43% normal/branched aliphatics, 33% cyclic aliphatics, 24% aromatics) at concentrations of 0, 600, or 2400 mg/m3(0, 100, and 400 ppm, respectively) for 6 hours per day on days 6 to 15 of gestation. No maternal toxicity or differences in litter size or average fetal weight were seen between the groups. There were no statistical differences for skeletal variations between the control group and the 100 ppm or the 400 ppm exposed group. The study director noted that pups in one litter in the 100 ppm group one litter in 400 ppm exposed groups had at least one unusual skeletal finding. The unusual variations were reduced ossification in various bones of the pups. The pups from these two litters had a significant reduced mean body weight when compared to control and to the mean of the treatment group:
Control mean body weight: 3.6 g;
100 ppm mean body weight: 3.7g, 100 ppm litter with unusual findings: 1.4g;
400 ppm mean body weight: 3.7g, 400 ppm litter with unusual findings: 2.0g.
The study concluded that the effects were considered expressions of retarded growth rather than malformations. Based on this information, the developmental NOAEC = 2400 mg/m3 or 400 ppm, the highest concentration tested.Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The study concluded that the effects were considered expressions of retarded growth rather than malformations. Based on this information, the developmental NOAEC = 2400 mg/m3 or 400 ppm, the highest concentration tested.
- Executive summary:
A Prenatal Development Toxicity Study equivalent or similar to OECD TG 414 was conducted using groups of 26 or 27 Sprague-Dawley female rats. Female rats were exposed by inhalation to white spirit (Stoddard solvent; boiling range, 157° to 204° C; 43% normal/branched aliphatics, 33% cyclic aliphatics, 24% aromatics) at concentrations of 0, 600, or 2400 mg/m3(0, 100, and 400 ppm, respectively) for 6 hours per day on days 6 to 15 of gestation. No maternal toxicity or differences in litter size or average fetal weight were seen between the groups. There were no statistical differences for skeletal variations between the control group and the 100 ppm or the 400 ppm exposed group. The study director noted that pups in one litter in the 100 ppm group one litter in 400 ppm exposed groups had at least one unusual skeletal finding. The unusual variations were reduced ossification in various bones of the pups. The pups from these two litters had a significant reduced mean body weight when compared to control and to the mean of the treatment group:
Control mean body weight: 3.6 g;
100 ppm mean body weight: 3.7g, 100 ppm litter with unusual findings: 1.4g;
400 ppm mean body weight: 3.7g, 400 ppm litter with unusual findings: 2.0g.
The study concluded that the effects were considered expressions of retarded growth rather than malformations. Based on this information, the developmental NOAEC = 2400 mg/m3 or 400 ppm, the highest concentration tested.
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