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EC number: 232-489-3 | CAS number: 8052-41-3 A colorless, refined petroleum distillate that is free from rancid or objectionable odors and that boils in a range of approximately 148.8°C to 204.4°C (300°F to 400°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: QSAR
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- EPI Suite v 4.1/ECOSARv1.00
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- not applicable to QSAR models
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Fishes species
- Details on test organisms:
- no further information
- Test type:
- other: QSAR model
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Test temperature:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- pH:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Salinity:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Details on test conditions:
- SMILES : CCCCCCCCCC
CHEM : Stoddard solvent
CAS Num: 8052-41-3
MOL FOR: C10 H22
MOL WT : 142.29
Log Kow: 5.252 (EPISuite Kowwin v1.68 Estimate)
Log Kow: 5.01 (PhysProp DB exp value - for comparison only)
Melt Pt: -29.70 (deg C, PhysProp DB exp value for Wat Sol est)
Wat Sol: 1.409 (mg/L, EPISuite WSKowwin v1.43 Estimate)
Wat Sol: 0.052 (mg/L, PhysProp DB exp value) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.14 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: (Q)SAR prediction
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic as determined by (Q)SAR.Chemical may not be soluble enough to measure this predicted effect.
- Details on results:
- A 96 h LC50 value of 0.140 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group.
This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- A 96 h LC50 value of 0.140 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group.
This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Conclusions:
- A 96 h LC50 value of 0.140 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group.
This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings. - Executive summary:
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for freshwater fish would to be approximately 0.140 mg/l.
This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: QSAR
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- EPI Suite v 4.1/ECOSARv1.00
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- not applicable to QSAR models
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Fishes species
- Details on test organisms:
- no further information
- Test type:
- other: QSAR model
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Test temperature:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- pH:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Salinity:
- not applicable. QSAR model
- Details on test conditions:
- SMILES : CCCCCCCCCC
CHEM : Stoddard solvent
CAS Num: 8052-41-3
MOL FOR: C10 H22
MOL WT : 142.29
Log Kow: 5.252 (EPISuite Kowwin v1.68 Estimate)
Log Kow: 5.01 (PhysProp DB exp value - for comparison only)
Melt Pt: -29.70 (deg C, PhysProp DB exp value for Wat Sol est)
Wat Sol: 1.409 (mg/L, EPISuite WSKowwin v1.43 Estimate)
Wat Sol: 0.052 (mg/L, PhysProp DB exp value) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.18 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: (Q)SAR prediction
- Remarks on result:
- other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility, as determined by (Q)SAR
- Details on results:
- A 96 h LC50 value of 0.18 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- A 96 h LC50 value of 0.18 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.
- Conclusions:
- A 96 h LC50 value of 0.18 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings. - Executive summary:
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for marine water fish would to be 0.18 mg/l . This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and LC50 is >LoS.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment (acute toxicity for fish, invertebrates, and algae (in the range of 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l) based on nominal loadings.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- other: Published data
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 96 hours
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Published data in readily available literature. A 96-hour acute study was conducted with CAS RN 64742-82-1, hydrocarbons, C8-C12, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-25%) using rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples of the control and the WAFS prepared at each loading rate were taken on Days 0, 1, 2 and 3 from the stirring vessels and from the "old WAFS of each treatment and control (composite of replicates) on Days 1, 2, 3 and at termination. WAF samples were collected with no headspace in volatile organic analysis (VOA) vials and refrigerated pending preparation for analysis.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Individual WAFs were prepared by adding the appropriate amount of the test substance, volumetrically using a syringe, to 19.5 liters of BW3 in a 20L size glass carboy. The mixtures were stirred for approximately 24 hours on a magnetic stirplate with a Teflona coated stirbar at room temperature (approximately 22°C +/- 2°C). Stimng was initiated with a vortex of < 10% of the static liquid depth (approximately 1 cm). Glass siphon tubing, dilutionwater and stirbar were added to the carboy prior to the addition of the test substance. Headspace in the carboys was minimized to 400-500mL to provide for optimum surface contact between the test substance and the dilution water (i.e., vessel was not filled into the neck of the carboy). Each vessel was stoppered with a neoprene stopper containing a glass siphon tube and a small piece of glass tubing to allow air flow needed for the siphon. These tubes were covered with foil to prevent loss of volatiles. Carboys were completely covered with an opaque covering to prevent photochemical degradation of soluble components. All the mixtures appeared colorless during the stirring period.
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- The rainbow trout were quarantined and observed for parasites and disease and were held in dilution water for at least 12 days before the test. Fish were held at approximately 13-15°C for at least 7 days prior to testing. Fish were not treated for disease or parasites before use in this study. Mortalityobserved during the holding period was insignificant. Fish were fed Salmon Starter and Tetramine flake fish food. Feed Supplier: Salmon Starter - Zeigler Bros., Inc., Gardners.
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 194-201 mg/L Hardness as CaCo3
- Test temperature:
- Mean test temperature: 14°C (sd = 0.04),
- pH:
- 7.6-7.7
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 9.2-9.6
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The loading rates for this test were 41.4 mg/L, 23 mg/L, 4.5 mg/L, 0.9 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- Diurnal light: approximately 16 hours light and 8 hours dark with a gradual intensity conversion between periods. Daylight intensity ranged from 632 to 634 Lux during full daylight periods of the study.The test chambers were 4L size glass aspirator bottles containing approximately 4.5L of solution (no headspace). The test chambers were stoppered with foil covered neoprene stoppers to minimize evaporation and/or volatilization. A piece of Nitex screening was placed in the outlet at thebottom of the aspirator bottle to prevent fish from becoming trapped in the narrow space.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LL50
- Effect conc.:
- 41.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- The study reported a 96-hour LL50 of 41.4 mg/L based on nominal loading of the test chemical. Analytical measurements were conducted, and results based on measured concentrations were a 96-hour LC50 of 2.5 mg/L.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Standard graphical procedures were followed to determine the LC50 (American Public Health Association, 1971)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The study reported a 96-hour LL50 of 41.4 mg/L based on nominal loading of the test chemical. Analytical measurements were conducted, and results based on measured concentrations were a 96-hour LC50 of 2.5 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A 96-hour acute study was conducted using rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The study was conducted as a semi-static, water accommodated fraction (WAF) in closed test chambers, following OECD TG 203, with a renewal of the test solutions at 24-hour intervals. The study reported a 96-hour LL50of 41.4 mg/L based on nominal loading of the test chemical. Analytical measurements were conducted, and results based on measured concentrations were a 96-hour LC50of 2.5 mg/L. Analysis was done by Headspace Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). Specific hydrocarbon isomers were not identified. Analytical results are based on mass attributable to the test substance.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- other: Published data
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 96 hours
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Published data in readily available literature. A 96-hour acute study was conducted with CAS RN 64742-81-0, using rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples of the control and the WAFS prepared at each loading rate were taken on Days 0, 1, 2 and 3 from the stirring vessels and from the "old WAFS of each treatment and control (composite of replicates) on Days 1, 2, 3 and at termination. WAF samples were collected with no headspace in volatile organic analysis (VOA) vials and refrigerated pending preparation for analysis.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Analysis of the WAFs was conducted by solvent-extraction GC, all peaks were summed and a naphthalene standard was used for quantitation of the total peak area.
The test substance was used in the form of Water Accommodated Fractions (WAF) and tests were run at loading rates of 0.3, 1.4, 6.8, 34 and 75
Renewal of the test solutions occurred at 24-hour intervals. Approximately 80% of the test solution was replaced at each interval, with fresh solution that was mixed for 24-hours prior to use.
Three replicates containing five fish each were tested at each loading level. Fish used for the study were 3 to 4 cm in length and weigh approximately 0.2g. - Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- The rainbow trout were quarantined and observed for parasites and disease and were held in dilution water for at least 12 days before the test. Fish were held at approximately 13-15°C for at least 7 days prior to testing. Fish were not treated for disease or parasites before use in this study. Mortalityobserved during the holding period was insignificant. Fish were fed Salmon Starter and Tetramine flake fish food. Feed Supplier: Salmon Starter - Zeigler Bros., Inc., Gardners.
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Hardness:
- 194-201 mg/L Hardness as CaCo3
- Test temperature:
- Mean test temperature: 14°C (sd = 0.04),
- pH:
- 7.6-7.7
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 9.2-9.6
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- The loading rates for this test were 0, 0.3, 1.4, 6.8, 34, and , 75 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- Test treatments were prepared as WAFs in sealed test vessels to contain the volatile components. Because the substance is a poorly water soluble, the results were reported based on nominal loadings.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LL50
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: water accommodated fraction
- Remarks:
- Confidence interval: 20 to 32 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LL50
- Effect conc.:
- 38 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: water accommodated fraction
- Remarks:
- 30 to 49 mg/L confidence interval
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LL50
- Effect conc.:
- 42 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: water accommodated fraction
- Remarks:
- 33 to 53 mg/L confidence interval
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEL
- Effect conc.:
- 6.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: water accommodated fraction
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LL100
- Effect conc.:
- 75 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: water accommodated fraction
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LL0
- Effect conc.:
- 1.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: water accommodated fraction
- Details on results:
- The 50% Lethal Loading (LL50) 96-hour was calculated to be 25 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval of 20 mg/L to 32 mg/L.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 50% Lethal Loading (LL50) 96-hour was calculated to be 25 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval of 20 mg/L to 32 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
In a semi-static (renewal) 96 -hour hour acute rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) test, 15 animals/dose were exposed to solvent naphtha (petroleum), hydrocracked heavy aromatic at nominal concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.4, 6.8, 34, and , 75 mg/L. The LL50 was 25 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval of 20 mg/L to 32 mg/L. The NOEL was determined by mortality, and was 6.8 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for freshwater fish would to be approximately 0.140 mg/l.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the 96hr LC50 for marine water fish would to be 0.18 mg/l .
A 96-hour acute study was conducted using rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The study was conducted as a semi-static, water accommodated fraction (WAF) in closed test chambers, following OECD TG 203, with a renewal of the test solutions at 24-hour intervals. The study reported a 96-hour LL50of 41.4 mg/L based on nominal loading of the test chemical.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 0.14 mg/L
Marine water fish
Marine water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 0.18 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.