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EC number: 232-489-3 | CAS number: 8052-41-3 A colorless, refined petroleum distillate that is free from rancid or objectionable odors and that boils in a range of approximately 148.8°C to 204.4°C (300°F to 400°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Exposure to white spirit. I. Concentration in alveolar air and blood during rest and exercise.
- Author:
- Aastrand I, Kilbom Aa, & Övrum P
- Year:
- 1 975
- Bibliographic source:
- Scand J Work Environ Health, 1: 15-30.
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- absorption
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Healthy male volunteers were exposed to white spirit at concentrations up to 2500 mg/m3 in inspiratory air during rest and exercise on a bicycle ergometer. The white spirit contained approximately 83% aliphatics and 17% aromatic components. The duration of each exposure period was 30 minutes. The pulmonary ventilation, the cardiac output, and the concentration of white spirit (subdivided into aromatic and aliphatic components) in alveolar air and arterial blood were determined during and after exposure.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Stoddard solvent
- EC Number:
- 232-489-3
- EC Name:
- Stoddard solvent
- Cas Number:
- 8052-41-3
- Molecular formula:
- C10H22
- IUPAC Name:
- stoddard solvent
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Stoddard solvent (boiling range, 150-200°C; ) contained approximately 83% aliphatics and 17% aromatic components.
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- other: Human
- Strain:
- other: healthy male volunteers
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- healthy male volunteers were exposed to white spirit at concentrations up to 2500 mg/m3 in inspiratory air during rest and exercise on a bicycle ergometer.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- See details of exposure section
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 000 mg/m³ air
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 250 mg/m³ air
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 500 mg/m³ air
- Dose / conc.:
- 2 000 mg/m³ air
- Dose / conc.:
- 2 500 mg/m³ air
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
Three or five males per dose for the excretion test, six males for the absorption and enterohepatic tests.- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- Human volunteers were exposed for 30 min during rest or during exercise to 1250 and 2500 mg/m3 of white spirit (boiling range, 150-200°C; 83% aliphatics and alicyclics, 17% aromatics). At the end of the exposure period the concentration of aliphatics and aromatics in alveolar air was found to be about 25% and 15%, respectively, of the concentration in the inspired air.
- Statistics:
- (The aliphatic fraction was analysed by gas chromatography as a "total aliphatic fraction", whereas the aromatic fraction was calculated on the basis of analytical determination of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, which was chosen to represent the aromatic fraction).
Results and discussion
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- When inhaled, Stoddard solvent constituents were readily absorbed. After a 30-minute exposure at rest to approximately 1040 mg/m3 of the aliphatic components, the concentration in alveolar air was 255 mg/m3 (25 % of the concentration in the inspiratory air). The corresponding arterial blood concentration was 1.7 mg/kg. When alveolar ventilation tripled (50 W exercise), the alveolar concentration increased to 515 mg/ m3 (50 % of the concentration in inspiratory air), whereas the arterial concentration rose to 3.5 mg/kg. When alveolar ventilation was raised to 60 L/min (150 W exercise), the alveolar concentration rose to about 60 % of the concentration in inspiratory air. Thirty minutes following exposure, alveolar concentration was ~180 mg/m3 and arterial concentration was near 0 mg/kg.
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- yes
- Details on metabolites:
- Stoddard solvent is readily absorbed by inhalation. Human volunteers were exposed for 30 min during rest or during exercise to 1250 and 2500 mg/m3 of white spirit (boiling range, 150-200°C; 83% aliphatics and alicyclics, 17% aromatics). At the end of the exposure period the concentration of aliphatics and aromatics in alveolar air was found to be about 25% and 15%, respectively, of the concentration in the inspired air.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results : no bioaccumulation potential based on study results
Stoddard solvent is readily absorbed by inhalation. Human volunteers were exposed for 30 min during rest or during exercise to 1250 and 2500 mg/m3 of white spirit (boiling range, 150-200°C; 83% aliphatics and alicyclics, 17% aromatics). At the end of the exposure period the concentration of aliphatics and aromatics in alveolar air was found to be about 25% and 15%, respectively, of the concentration in the inspired air. - Executive summary:
Human volunteers were exposed for 30 min during rest or during exercise to 1250 and 2500 mg/m3of white spirit (boiling range, 150-200°C; 83% aliphatics and alicyclics, 17% aromatics). At the end of the exposure period the concentration of aliphatics and aromatics in alveolar air was found to be about 25% and 15%, respectively, of the concentration in the inspired air. With exposure during exercise (load of 50 watts, corresponding to light work), the pulmonary ventilation tripled and the concentrations of the aliphatics and the aromatics in the alveolar air increased to about 50% and 20%, respectively, of the concentrations in the inspired air. However, the total amount of retained vapour was considerably increased because of the three-fold rise in pulmonary ventilation. Measurements of the concentrations in venous and arterial blood were found to reflect the exposure level quite well. Thus the amount in blood doubled as the exposure level doubled. Exposure to 1250 mg/m3 during hard exercise (load of 150 watts) resulted in a seven-fold rise in pulmonary ventilation, an increase in aliphatics in venous blood from 1.3 mg/kg (rest level) to 5.4 mg/kg, and an increase in aromatics from 0.2 to 2.6 mg/kg. The total uptake over a period of 30 min was measured in one subject during exposure to 1000, 1250, 1500 and 2000 mg/m3white spirit vapour. Of the total amount of the inspired aliphatic fraction, 59% was retained at the lowest and 46% at the highest level. The uptake of the aromatics was found to be 70% at the lowest level and 58% at the highest. (The quantitative analytical determinations were carried out on n-decane and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene as markers for the aliphatic and the aromatic fractions, respectively).
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