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EC number: 232-489-3 | CAS number: 8052-41-3 A colorless, refined petroleum distillate that is free from rancid or objectionable odors and that boils in a range of approximately 148.8°C to 204.4°C (300°F to 400°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Immunotoxicity
Administrative data
Description of key information
Immunotoxicity. There is no evidence in the available toxicity studies or scientific literate to indicate Immunotoxic effects of the of Stoddard solvent in humans or laboratory animals. It is therefore considered not scientifically justified to undertake a Immunotoxicity toxicity study in animals.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Effect on immunotoxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- immunotoxicity, other
- Data waiving:
- other justification
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on immunotoxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- immunotoxicity: sub-chronic inhalation
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Equivalent or similar to OECD Guideline 413 (Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-Day)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Two species were tested in the Kuna experiment: rats and monkeys.Species: monkeyStrain: squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)Sex: male/femaleIn the O'Regan and Turgeon publication, only rats were tested.Species: ratStrain: Sprague-DawleySex: male
- Route of administration:
- inhalation
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Scott Model 116
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 90 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- 6 hours per day, 5 days per week
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 570 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Dose / conc.:
- 6 350 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Kuna publication:rats: 5 groups of 20 males and 20 females monkeys: 5 groups of 4 males and 4 females
- Control animals:
- yes, sham-exposed
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- All animals that died spontaneously or were sacrificied were necropsied. At the time of necropsy, organ weights were taken and tissues saved in 10% neutral formalin. Lungs, kidneys, spleen, heart, brain, and bone marrow from the control and high-dose groups were evaluated for histopathology.
- Humoral immunity examinations:
- All male and female animals from the control and high-exposure level groups were evaluated for the presence and deposition of IgG in the renal glomerulus and lungs.
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY: Kuna: The death of three rats and three monkeys were not considered to be treatment-related. Two female monkeys in the high dose exhibited emesis after 13 days of exposure.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN: No statistically significant difference were observed in body weight changes between controls and any treated group of either species, with the exception of increased mean body weights in male rats in the low-dose group.
HAEMATOLOGY: No statistically significant changes in hematological parameters were noted in male and female squirrel monkeys. Male rats in the high-dose group had a statistically significant increase in thrombocytes. Females in the same group had a statistically significant increase in reticulocyte counts.
URINALYSIS: No exposure-related differences in any of the groups.
ORGAN WEIGHTS: Increased thyroid weights of male monkeys at both dose levels.
CELL VIABILITIES
HUMORAL IMMUNITY EXAMINATIONS: Renal immunofluorescent evaluations of all male and female rats and monkeys displayed no evidence of IgG deposition in the kidneys following the 90-day examination period.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC: Examination of tissues from rats and squirrel monkeys showed no evidence of treatment-related findings, with the excpetion of lesions noted in the kidneys of all male rats. The lesions were characterized by subtle but discernible increases in the incidence and severity of regenerative epithelium and dilated tubules. The tubules were seen to contain protein in their lumens. - Cell viabilities:
- not specified
- Humoral immunity examinations:
- no effects observed
- Specific cell-mediated immunity:
- not specified
- Non-specific cell-mediated immunity:
- not specified
- Other functional activity assays:
- not specified
- Other findings:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Effect level:
- 6 350 mg/m³ air (analytical)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- immunology
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In the Kuna and Uhlrich study, the NOEL was determined to be equal to the analytical concentration of 6350 mg/m3 under the test conditions of this study. There was no evidence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition in the kidneys and lungs of exposed animals. In the O'Regan and Turgeon study, the infusion of antiglomerular basement memrane into the rats did not result in linear bonding to alveolar basement membrane which suggested that the
- Executive summary:
Two studies have investigated whether exposure to gasoline is associated with Goodpasture's Syndrome, a disorder of the immune system. Kuna and Uhlrich did inhalation studies on Sprague-Dawley rats and squirrel monkeys, Saimiri sciureus, and looked for evidence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition in the kidneys and lungs of exposed animals, but did not find any. These investigations were continued in a study by O'Regan and Turgeon. In this work, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with high doses of gasoline by inhalation, tracheal intubation and intravenous injection. Infusion of antiglomerular basement membrane into the rats did not result in linear bonding to alveolar basement membranes, suggesting that the endothilial barrier remained intact.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- 6 350 mg/m³
- Study duration:
- subchronic
- Species:
- rat
Effect on immunotoxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- immunotoxicity, other
- Data waiving:
- other justification
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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