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Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Distillates (Petroleum), steam-cracked, dimerised (C5-12, C10-rich) was formerly a member of the LOA Category L (Resin Oils and Cyclic Dienes), and the following Category L streams, with which these studies were conducted, resemble Distillates (Petroleum), steam-cracked, dimerised (C5-12, C10-rich) from a compositional standpoint, only containing much lower levels of benzene.

Other data included are for key constituents of Distillates (Petroleum), steam-cracked, dimerised (C5-12, C10-rich), including benzene, toluene and DCPD. 

Distillates (Petroleum), steam-cracked, dimerised (C5-12, C10-rich) does not pose an acute hazard following skin contact. Two category L streams with similar compositions (E000044012 [CAS 68478-10-4], E000044146 [CAS 68478-10-4]) and the constituent dicyclopentadiene are considered to be hazardous following acute inhalation exposures. Substances containing a high proportion (≥ 25%) of dicyclopentadiene are also expected to be hazardous following oral exposures.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

5 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

Adequate information is available to characterise the short-term hazards of Distillates (Petroleum), steam-cracked, dimerised (C5-12, C10-rich)

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Value:

20 000 mg/m³ air

Quality of whole database:

Adequate information is available to characterise the short-term hazards of Distillates (Petroleum), steam-cracked, dimerised (C5-12, C10-rich)

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

2 000 mg/kg bw

Additional information

Data on the components benzene, DCPD, toluene, and ethylbenzene indicate that Distillates (Petroleum), steam-cracked, dimerised (C5-12, C10-rich) does not warrant classification for acute dermal toxicity under GHS/CLP but should be classified as Acute Tox. 4H302: Harmful if swallowed via oral route and Acute Tox. 4 H332: Harmful if inhaled.

3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene (DCPD, dicyclopentadiene; classification under GHS/CLP:Category 2 H330:Fatal if inhaled , Category 4 H302: Harmful if swallowed):

DCPD is of slight - moderate acute toxicity by the oral and inhalation routes (oral LD50 590 mg/kg, inhalation 4 hour LC50 1972 mg/m3) and is practically non-toxic by the dermal route (dermal LD50 > 2000 mg/kg) (Safepharm 1989; Bushy Run, 1981a).

The 6 hour LC50 was 284 ppm for males and 353 ppm for females, equivalent to 1723 mg/m3 (male/female). Conversion of this result using Haber's rule (n=3) gives a 4 hour LC50 equivalent of 1972 mg/m3 for males and females. The NOAEC for irregular breathing and stereotypic behaviour was 46 ppm (248.74 mg/m3). The NOAEC for irregular breathing, stereotypic behaviour in rats and mice has been reported to be 248.74 mg/m3 (Bushy Run, 1981a).

Benzene (Classification under GHS/CLP: Category 1, H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways):

Benzene has an oral LD50 value in rats of > 2000 mg/kg, which is derived from two studies (Kimura et al, 1971; Withey and Hall, 1975). Although little information on clinical signs is included in these publications the EU RAR (2008) stated "depending on the dose the main clinical signs are sedation and hind-limb paralysis".

Acute inhalation toxicity of benzene is low with a LC50 value of 44.5 mg/L after a 4-hour exposure for rats. Death was reported to be caused by depression of the central nervous system. The main pathological findings were congestion of the lungs and liver (Drew and Fouts 1974).

A dermal LD50 value of >8260 mg/kg bw for rabbits and guinea pigs was reported by Roudabush et al. (1965). No information on clinical signs or necropsy information are provided.

Human data on oral toxicity indicate that ingestion of 15 mL (176 mg/Kg bw) benzene can cause death after collapse, bronchitis and pneumonia (EU, 2008b). Exposure for 5-10 minutes to benzene vapours of 65-61 mg/L is fatal and exposure to 25 mg/L for 30 minutes is dangerous to life, while a one-hour exposure to 1.6 mg/L causes only some symptoms of illness.

Benzene does not pose an acute hazard following ingestion (oral LD50 > 2000 mg/kg), skin contact (dermal LD50 > 5000 mg/kg) or acute inhalation (4 hour LC50 > 20 mg/L) exposures. However, the viscosity of benzene is low (dynamic 0.604 mPa s at 25°C) and is expected to have a surface tension of 33mN/m at 25°C) which justifies classification as harmful and should be labelled GHS/CLP "Aspiration toxicity Category 1, H304".

 

Toluene (Classification: GHS/CLP: Category 1, H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways, Cat 3 H336:May cause drowsiness or dizziness):

Toluene is of low acute toxicity by the oral (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg), dermal (LD50> 5000 mg/kg) and inhalation (4 hour LC50 >20 mg/L) routes (Withey and Hall 1975; Smyth 1969; BASF 1980). In humans a number of subjective sensations such as headache, dizziness, feeling of intoxication, irritation and sleepiness and decreases in acute neurobehavioural performance at concentrations ≥ 75 ppm (EU, 2003a). A NOAEC of 50 ppm (188 mg/m3) can be determined for acute neurobehavioural effects in humans (Muttray et al, 2005).

Since data from experimental exposure of human volunteers show that dizziness and sleepiness are experienced at air levels < 20 mg/L for 4h and rocking gait and narcosis were observed in rats in the BASF study at this same concentration then toluene justifies classification as STOT-SE 3 (H336) under GHS / CLP. The low viscosity of toluene (dynamic viscosity of 0.56 mPa s at 25°C and a surface tension of 27.93 nM at 25°C) justifies classification under GHS/CLP, Aspiration toxicity Category 1 assigned H304.

 

 

In addition to the data presented above on constituents of the UVCB, data are available for UVCBs with similar compositions – these are also produced via similar manufacturing processes and are rich in DCPD and other cyclic olefins, as well as aromatic compounds.

C9 Resin feed (CAS 68477-54-3; does not warrant classification under GHS/CLP):

Acute oral (LD50> 2000 mg/kg), dermal (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg)and inhalation (LC50 value is >7500 mg/m³) values exceed those that trigger labelling (DSM Kunststoffen, 1989b; DSM Limburg, 1990a).

E000144700 (CAS 68516-20-1; does not warrant classification under GHS/CLP):

There was no evidence of toxicity following oral (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg), dermal (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg) or inhalation (LC50 > 5810 mg/m³) exposure (Lyondell, 1990a, 1990i and 1990d).

E000044146 (CAS 68478-10-4; classification under GHS/CLP: category 4 H302: Harmful if swallowed, Cat 4 H332: Harmful if inhaled):

Oral (LD50 < 5000 mg/kg) and inhalation exposure (LC50 <5.81 mg/L) indicated some acute toxicity (Lyondell, 1990b, c and e). No evidence of toxicity was seen following dermal exposure (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg) (Lyondell 1990 g and h).

E000044012 (CAS 68478-10-4; classification under GHS/CLP: cat 4 H302:Harmful if swallowed, Cat 4 H332: Harmful if inhaled):

Acute toxicity was seen following oral (LD50 < 5000 mg/kg) and inhalation exposure (LC50 <5.81 mg/L) but not dermal (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg) exposure (UBTL 1990b, f and g).

Justification for classification or non-classification

There are sufficient data on 5 streams {C9 Resin feed [CAS 68477-54-3], E000044012 [CAS 68478-10-4], E000044146 [CAS 68478-10-4], E000144700 [CAS 68516-20-1] and on constituents to indicate that Distillates (Petroleum), steam-cracked, dimerised (C5-12, C10-rich) is of low acute toxicity by the dermal route and do not warrant classification for this end-point under GHS/CLP.

 

Two streams (E000044012 [CAS 68478-10-4], E000044146 [CAS 68478-10-4]) were considered to be hazardous following acute inhalation exposures and labelling is proposed as follows: Category 4 H332 “Harmful if inhaled” under GHS/CLP.

 

The presence of dicyclopentadiene will justify the following classification: Category 4 H302 “Harmful if swallowed” under GHS/CLP.

 

The viscosity and surface tension of four possible constituents of Distillates (Petroleum), steam-cracked, dimerised (C5-12, C10-rich) (benzene, toluene) are such that labelling is required. Since total content of benzene and toluene is ≥ 10%, the labelling will be required as follows: "Aspiration toxicity Category 1, H304" under GHS/CLP.

 

Data from experimental exposure of human volunteers with a toluene show that dizziness and sleepiness are experienced at air levels < 20 mg/L. However, Distillates (Petroleum), steam-cracked, dimerised (C5-12, C10-rich) contains <20 % toluene, therefore, classification is not required under GHS/CLP.

The viscosity of benzene is low (dynamic 0.604 mPa s at 25°C) and is expected to have a surface tension of 33mN/m at 25°C) which justifies classification as harmful and should be labelled under GHS/CLP "Aspiration toxicity Category 1, H304".