Disodium 4-[2-[2-[2-(dodecyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl] 2-sulphonatosuccinate

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

The supporting QMRF report has been attached

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: as mentioned below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction is done using OECD QSAR Toolbox version 3.3 with logKow as the primary descriptor.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): disodium 4-oxo-2-sulfonato-5,8,11,14-tetraoxahexacosan-1-oate
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C22H42O10S.2Na
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 542.594 g/mol
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance):[Na+].[Na+].C([C@@H](CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC)S(=O)(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-]
- InChl (if other than submission substance): 1S/C22H42O10S.2Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-29-13-14-30-15-16-31-17-18-32-21(23)19-20(22(24)25)33(26,27)28;;/h20H,2-19H2,1H3,(H,24,25)(H,26,27,28);;/q;2*+1/p-2
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Liquid

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Test temperature:

24 ± 2°C

pH:

at the start: 7.9 - 8.0
at the end: 9.2 - 9.5

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

294.505 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

estimated

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: EC50
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

(((((((((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e" )  and ("f" and ( not "g") )  )  and ("h" and ( not "i") )  )  and ("j" and ( not "k") )  )  and ("l" and ( not "m") )  )  and ("n" and ( not "o") )  )  and "p" )  and "q" )  and "r" )  and ("s" and ( not "t") )  )  and ("u" and ( not "v") )  )  and ("w" and ( not "x") )  )  and "y" )  and ("z" and "aa" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Anionic Surfactants AND Esters (Acute toxicity) AND Nonionic Surfactants by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Anion OR Carbonic acid derivative OR Carboxylic acid derivative OR Carboxylic acid ester OR Carboxylic acid salt OR Cation OR Dialkylether OR Ether OR Sulfonic acid derivative by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aliphatic Carbon [CH] OR Aliphatic Carbon [-CH2-] OR Aliphatic Carbon [-CH3] OR Carbonyl, aliphatic attach [-C(=O)-] OR Ester, aliphatic attach [-C(=O)O] OR Miscellaneous sulfide (=S) or oxide (=O) OR Olefinic carbon [=CH- or =C<] OR Oxygen, aliphatic attach [-O-] OR Suflur {v+4} or {v+6} OR Sulphonate, aliphatic attach [-SO2-O] by Organic functional groups (US EPA) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alkoxy OR Carboxylic acid OR Carboxylic acid ester OR Ether OR Overlapping groups OR Sulfonic acid by Organic Functional groups (nested) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alkoxy OR Carboxylic acid OR Carboxylic acid ester OR Ether OR Sulfonic acid by Organic Functional groups ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition to alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition to alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds >> alpha, beta-Unsaturated Aldehydes OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation >> alpha, beta-Unsaturated Aldehydes OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release >> Specific Acetate Esters OR Radical OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation (indirect) or direct radical attack on DNA OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation (indirect) or direct radical attack on DNA >> Organic Peroxy Compounds OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Acylation OR SN2 >> Acylation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related >> Epoxides and Aziridines OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Specific Acetate Esters by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates OR Acylation >> P450 Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates >> Formamides OR Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition >> Alpha, beta- unsaturated amides OR Michael addition >> Polarised Alkenes-Michael addition >> Alpha, beta- unsaturated esters OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation OR SN1 >> Iminium Ion Formation >> Aliphatic tertiary amines by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> Anhydrides (sulphur analogues of anhydrides)  OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Amides OR Michael Addition OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group >> alpha,beta-Carbonyl compounds with polarized double bonds  OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group >> Conjugated systems with electron withdrawing groups  OR Nucleophilic addition OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds >> Ketones OR Radical reactions OR Radical reactions >> Free radical formation OR Radical reactions >> Free radical formation >> Hydroperoxides OR SN2 OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom >> Activated alkyl esters and thioesters  by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alkali Earth AND Non-Metals by Groups of elements

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alkaline Earth OR Halogens OR Metalloids OR Metals OR Rare Earth OR Transition Metals by Groups of elements

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not categorized by Repeated dose (HESS)

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aliphatic nitriles (Hepatotoxicity) Rank B OR Carboxylic acids (Hepatotoxicity) No rank OR Ethionine (Hepatotoxicity) Alert OR Perhexiline (Hepatotoxicity) Alert OR Valproic acid (Hepatotoxicity) Alert by Repeated dose (HESS)

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Class 5 (Not possible to classify according to these rules) by Acute aquatic toxicity classification by Verhaar (Modified) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "q"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Reactive unspecified by Acute aquatic toxicity MOA by OASIS ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "r"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Very fast by Bioaccumulation - metabolism half-lives ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "s"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Carcinogenicity (genotox and nongenotox) alerts by ISS

Domain logical expression index: "t"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Phtalate (or buthyl) diesters and monoesters (Nongenotox) OR Structural alert for nongenotoxic carcinogenicity OR Substituted n-alkylcarboxylic acids (Nongenotox) by Carcinogenicity (genotox and nongenotox) alerts by ISS

Domain logical expression index: "u"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as H-acceptor-path3-H-acceptor by in vivo mutagenicity (Micronucleus) alerts by ISS

Domain logical expression index: "v"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by in vivo mutagenicity (Micronucleus) alerts by ISS

Domain logical expression index: "w"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not classified by Oncologic Primary Classification

Domain logical expression index: "x"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Organophosphorus Type Compounds by Oncologic Primary Classification

Domain logical expression index: "y"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as High (Class III) by Toxic hazard classification by Cramer (original) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "z"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= -3.68

Domain logical expression index: "aa"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= -1.12

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The median Effective concentration (EC50) value for disodium 4-oxo-2-sulfonato-5,8,11,14-tetraoxahexacosan-1-oate on Desmodesmus subspicatus in a 72 hour study was estimated to be 294 mg/L on the basis of effects on growth rate.

Executive summary:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, the short term toxicity on aquatic algae and cyanobacteria was predicted for target substance disodium 4 -oxo-2 -sulfonato-5,8,11,14 -tetraoxahexacosan-1 -oate (CAS no. 40754 -59 -4). EC50 value was estimated to be 294 mg/l for Desmodesmus subspicatus for 72 h duration. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance disodium 4 -oxo-2 -sulfonato-5,8,11,14 -tetraoxahexacosan-1 -oate is considered to be non-toxic to aquatic environment and can be considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Description of key information

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, the short term toxicity on aquatic algae and cyanobacteria was predicted for target substance disodium 4 -oxo-2 -sulfonato-5,8,11,14 -tetraoxahexacosan-1 -oate (CAS no. 40754 -59 -4) (2017). EC50 value was estimated to be 294 mg/l for Desmodesmus subspicatus for 72 h duration. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance disodium 4 -oxo-2 -sulfonato-5,8,11,14 -tetraoxahexacosan-1 -oate is considered to be non-toxic to aquatic environment and can be considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater algae:

294 mg/L

Additional information

2 predicted data for the target chemical 4-oxo-2-sulfonato-5,8,11,14-tetraoxahexacosan-1-oate (CAS no.40754-59-4) which is supported further by total 3 weight of evidence studies (from secondary source and authoritative database) for its closest read across substance with logKow as the primary descriptor were reviewed for the toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria end point which are summarized as below:

 

Short term toxicity on aquatic algae and cyanobacteria of target chemical4-oxo-2-sulfonato-5,8,11,14-tetraoxahexacosan-1-oate(CAS no.40754-59-4), is predicted using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances (2017). EC50 value was estimated to be 294 mg/l for Desmodesmus subspicatus for 72 h duration. Based on this value it can be concluded that the substance disodium 4 -oxo-2 -sulfonato-5,8,11,14 -tetraoxahexacosan-1 -oate is considered to be non-toxic to aquatic environment and can be considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

In another prediction done using the EPI Suite ECOSAR version 1.10 (2017), short term toxicity on green algae was predicted for test substance4-oxo-2-sulfonato-5,8,11,14-tetraoxahexacosan-1-oate(CAS no.40754-59-4). EC50 value was estimated to be 12.298 mg/l on green algae for substance disodium 4-oxo-2-sulfonato-5,8,11,14-tetraoxahexacosan-1-oate (CAS no. 4075 -59 -4) with growth inhibition effects. Thus, based on this value, it can be concluded that the test chemical disodium 4-oxo-2-sulfonato-5,8,11,14-tetraoxahexacosan-1-oate can be considered as toxic to aquatic organisms. Since the test chemical is readily biodegradable in nature, chemical disodium 4-oxo-2-sulfonato-5,8,11,14-tetraoxahexacosan-1-oate can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic organisms and thus can be considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study for read across chemical sodium stearate (CAS no. 822 -16 -2) from authoritative database (J-CHECK, 2016), short term toxicity to green algae study was carried out for 72 hrs. The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test). The study was based on the effects of the read across compound sodium stearate on green algae in a static fresh water system. Based on effect on growth rate of the test organism green algae, the 72 hr EC50 and NOEC value was determined to be 150 and 31 mg/l, and on the basis of AUG, the 72 hr EC50 and NOEC value was determined to be 110 and 56 mg/l, respectively. Thus, based on the EC50 value, it can be concluded that the substance sodium stearate can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic organisms and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Another short term toxicity study to Selenastrum capricornutum (algae) of read across sodium 2-(dodecyloxy)-2 -oxoethanesulfonate (CAS no. 1847 -58 -1) was carried out for 72 hrs (High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program, 2016). The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test). The study was based on the effects of the test compound sodium 2 -(dodecyloxy)-2 -oxoethanesulfonate on Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae) in a static fresh water system at a temperature of 23 – 24.1°C, pH range of 7.8 – 9.0 and light intensity of 4900 – 6400 lux, respectively. Selenastrum capricornutum strain NIVA CHL 1 was used as a test organism. Initial cell density of the test organism was 1 × 104cells/ml. Cell density at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h was measured by spectrophotometry or microscope using a counting chamber. Statistical method used in the study were ANOVA, Bonferroni t-test, Tukey test and Williams' test, respectively. In the blank control an increase of 1.5 was observed which correlated with a high rate of algal growth (7.9 -9.4). Initial test solutions were all clear and colourless. Concentrations were not stable, especially over the last 48 hours. The concentrations in the vessels without algae decreased to the same extent. This is explained by possible biodegradation, since the test solutions became turbid during exposure, which may indicate bacterial growth. Based on effect on growth rate of the test organism Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae), the 72 hr EC50 value was determined to be 6.8 mg/l and on the basis of biomass, the 72 hrs EC50 value was determined to be 1.9 mg/l and the NOEC value was determined to be 0.86 mg/l, respectively. Thus, based on the EC50 value, it can be concluded that the substance 2 -(dodecyloxy)-2 -oxoethanesulfonate can be considered as toxic to aquatic organisms. Since the test chemical 2 -(dodecyloxy)-2 -oxoethanesulfonate is readily biodegradable in nature, it can be concluded that the substance 2 -(dodecyloxy)-2-oxoethanesulfonate can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic organism and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP classification criteria.

For read across chemical bis(2 -(2 -butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate (CAS no. 141 -17 -3), short term toxicity to Desmodesmus subspicatus (green algae) study was carried out for 72 hrs ( American Chemical Council,U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Document no.8EHQ-1110-18185A, Nov. 23, 2010). The study was based on the effects of the read across compound bis(2 -(2 -butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate on Desmodesmus subspicatus(green algae) in a static fresh water system at a temperature of 24 ± 1°C under continuous illumination of light and shaking for 72 hrs and the test organism was exposed in triplicates with the test chemical. Desmodesmus subspicatuswas used as a test organism.Test chemical conc. used for the study were1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L, respectively (nominal concentrations). Analysis of the test preparations at 0 hours showed measured test concentrations to range from 87% to 100% of nominal. Analysis of the test preparations at 72 hours showed a decline in measured test concentrations in the range of less than the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the analytical method employed (which was determined to be 0.022 mg/l) to 50% of nominal. These indicate that the decline observed was due to instability rather than adsorption.Growth rate and growth yield was measured during a period of 72 hrs.Based on effect on growth rate of the test organismDesmodesmus subspicatus(green algae), the 72 hr EC50 value was determined to be 23 mg/l (nominal conc.) and 0.48 mg/l (measured conc.), NOEC value was determined to be 10 mg/l (nominal conc.) and 0.33mg/l (measured conc.) and LOEC value was determined to be 32 mg/l (nominal conc.) and 0.55 mg/l (measured conc.), respectively whereas on the basis of growth yield, the 72 hr EC50 value was determined to be 11 mg/l (nominal conc.) and 0.35 mg/l (measured conc.), NOEC value was determined to be 3.2 mg/l (nominal conc.) and 0.18 mg/l (measured conc.) and LOEC value was determined to be 10 mg/l (nominal conc.) and 0.33 mg/l (measured conc.), respectively.Thus, based on the EC50 value, it can be concluded that the substance bis(2 -(2 -butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate can be considered as toxic to aquatic organisms. Since the test chemical bis(2 -(2 -butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate is readily biodegradable in nature, it can be concluded that the bis(2 -(2 -butoxyethoxy)ethyl) adipate can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic organism and thus cannot be classified as hazardous as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Thus, based on the overall reported results for target chemical 4-oxo-2 -sulfonato-5,8,11,14 -tetraoxahexacosan-1 -oate (from OECD QSAR toolbox 3.3 and EPI suite, 2017) and for its read across substance (from secondary source High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program and J-CHECK authoritative database), it can be concluded that the test substance 4 -oxo-2 -sulfonato-5,8,11,14 -tetraoxahexacosan-1 -oate is likely to be non-toxic to aquatic environment and can be considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.