m-phenylenediamine

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Induction of Somatic Mutations in Tradescantia clone 4430 by Three Phenylenediamine Isomers and the Antimutagenic Mechanisms of Diethyldithiocarbamate and Ammonium Vanadate

Author:

Gichner T, Cabrera Lopez G, Wagner ED, and Plewa MJ.

Year:

1994

Bibliographic source:

Mutation Research; 306: 165-172

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

- 50 cuttings of Tradescantia clone 4430 10 -15 cm long with inflorescences per treatment group.
- From each inflorescence, 4 -6 flower buds were removed, and 20 ul of test solution was applied in the resulting cup.
- Negative controls were citrate phosphate buffer pH 5.
- For each concentration, 10 flowers were scored daily. One or more contiguous pink cells were considered to have resulted from one mutation event.
- Frequency of mutations was expressed as the average percentage of pink mutations scored on days 9 -14 after treatment.

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

m-phenylenediamine

EC Number:

203-584-7

EC Name:

m-phenylenediamine

Cas Number:

108-45-2

Molecular formula:

C6H8N2

IUPAC Name:

m-phenylenediamine

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): m-phenylenediamine
- Physical state: Solid
- Purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA)

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test substrate

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

Vehicle: 0.2 M citrate-phosphate buffer (pH = 5)

Test organisms

Species:

other: Tradescantia clone 4430

Details on test organisms:

Hybrid of T. subacaulis X T. hirsutiflora cultivated at the Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague

Study design

Test type:

other: Mutagenicity assay

Study type:

laboratory study

Total exposure duration:

15 d

Post exposure observation period:

Mutations scored on days 9 - 14 post-exposure

Test conditions

Test temperature:

18-22° C

Details on test conditions:

Test system:
- Amount of soil: None
- No. of plants: 50 cuttings, 10-15 cm long, per treatment group
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 10 flowers scored daily for each concentration and control
- No. of replicates per vehicle control: Not specified

Growth conditions:
- Photoperiod: 18 h
- Day/night temperatures: 18-22° C
- Water source/type: Cuttings cultivated in beakers with tap water for 15 days

Vehicle control performed: yes

Nominal and measured concentrations:

25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 mM m-phenylenediamine dissolved in 0.2 M citrate-phosphate buffer, plus control (citrate-phosphate buffer only).

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Species:

other: Tradescantia clone 4430

Dose descriptor:

other: mutagenicity

Effect conc.:

other: positive

Basis for effect:

other: pink stamen hair mutations

Effect concentrations 2

Species:

other: Tradescantia clone 4430

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

> 300 other: mM

Basis for effect:

other: flowering repression

Details on results:

A concentration dependent increase in pink stamen hair mutations was seen in the concentration range of 25-300 mM m-phenylenediamine.
m-phenylenediamine was found to be toxic at concentrations above 300 mM, and repressed flowering.
At 300 mM, m-phenylenediamine induced approximately a 10-fold increase in the mutant frequency over the spontaneous control.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The statistical approach outlined by Underbrink et al. 1973 was used to analyze the data from the stamen hair assays.
ANOVA test was used to test for differences among treatment groups, and if a significant F value was obtained, each treatment group and its
corresponding negative control was tested for significance using Dunnett's test for multiple comparisons.
The mutagenic potency of m-phenylenediamine was 1.43 stamen hair mutants/umole.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions employed in this study, m-phenylenediamine was mutagenic in Tradescantia clone 4430 stame hair cells when compared to the control. The mutagenic potency of m-phenylenediamine was 1.43 stamen hair mutants/umole.