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Diss Factsheets

Toxicological information

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

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Administrative data

Endpoint:
developmental toxicity
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
secondary literature
Justification for type of information:
Weight of evidence based on the data from test chemicals.
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Reference
Endpoint:
developmental toxicity
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
data from handbook or collection of data
Justification for type of information:
Data is from a publication.
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The above experiment was performed to evaluate and assess the effect of the test chemical on the developmental parameters of the test animals.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 36.5 g/mol
- Substance type: Inorganic
- Physical state: Liquid
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No Data Available
Species:
rat
Strain:
not specified
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
Details on test animals and env. conditions
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: No Data Available
- Age at study initiation: No Data Available
- Weight at study initiation: Female (180-200 g)
- Fasting period before study: No Data Available
- Housing:No Data Available
- Use of restrainers for preventing ingestion (if dermal): no
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): No data available
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): No data available
- Acclimation period: No data Available

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): No Data available
- Humidity (%): No Data available
- Air changes (per hr): No Data available
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): No data available
Route of administration:
inhalation
Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):
not specified
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on exposure:
The females were exposed to (inhaled) the test chemical for 1 hour to 450 mg/m3.
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
not specified
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
No Data Available
Details on mating procedure:
No Data Available
Duration of treatment / exposure:
1 hour
Frequency of treatment:
Once
Duration of test:
No Data Available
Remarks:
0 and 450 mg/m3 of the test chemical.
No. of animals per sex per dose:
8-15 animals
Control animals:
not specified
Details on study design:
No Data Available
Maternal examinations:
To assess the state of the mother tests reflecting the state of the lungs ( respiration rate, blood oxygen saturation, vital staining of the lung tissue , the liver, and the kidneys (diuresis, chlorides, protein) were used and the relative weights of the organs also were determined.
Ovaries and uterine content:
No Data Available
Fetal examinations:
In the observations on the progeny attention was paid to the number of fetuses in the litter , the postnatal mortality, and the changes in weight until the age of 4 weeks. At the age of 2 and 3 mouths the progenies (females and males separately) were studied by various function tests. To study lung function, exposure to hypoxia was used: The respiration rate was determined in a pressure chamber at an naltitude" of 3500 m and the blood oxygen saturation was determined when the [aspired air contained 10% oxygen.] During the investigation of hepatic and renal function of the progeny the same tests were used as on the mother. The oxygen consumption, the total serum protein, and the relative weights of the organs also were determined.
Statistics:
No Data Available
Indices:
No Data Available
Historical control data:
No Data Available
Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Severe signs of severe dyspnea and cyanosis was observed in all the treated animals.
Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
not specified
Mortality:
mortality observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence):
Exposure to the test chemicaI caused death of one-third of the animals.
Body weight and weight changes:
not specified
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
not specified
Food efficiency:
not specified
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not specified
Ophthalmological findings:
not specified
Haematological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
On the 5th day after exposure the blood (mixed) oxygen saturation was lowered in treated pregnant rats as comp[ared to the control group.
Clinical biochemistry findings:
not specified
Urinalysis findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
An increase in the concentration of chlorides in the urine of the pregnant rats and also in the protein concentration in the urine as compared to the control group was observed.
Behaviour (functional findings):
not specified
Immunological findings:
not specified
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
The relative weights of the organs in the experimental pregnant animals were indistinguishable from those of the controls.
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Injury to maternal organs, especially the endocrine glands, heart, and liver, during pregnancy was observed after exposure to the test chemical. The lungs of the dying rats were congested, with areas of edema and hemorrhage. Lung function was disturbed in the surviving females. Kidney function was disturbed in treated pregnant animals as compared to the control group. Changes in liver function were found in the pregnant animals.
Neuropathological findings:
not specified
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
not specified
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
not specified
Other effects:
not specified
Number of abortions:
not specified
Pre- and post-implantation loss:
not specified
Total litter losses by resorption:
not specified
Early or late resorptions:
not specified
Dead fetuses:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Observation on the development of the progeny showed an increase in mortality among the progeny of the rats of group exposed to the test chemical on the 9th day of pregnancy.
Changes in pregnancy duration:
not specified
Changes in number of pregnant:
not specified
Other effects:
not specified
Details on maternal toxic effects:
Effects were observed in maternal animals after the exposure of the test chemical.
Dose descriptor:
LOAEL
Effect level:
450 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect level:
clinical signs
dead fetuses
gross pathology
haematology
mortality
organ weights and organ / body weight ratios
urinalysis
Remarks on result:
other: Not Specified
Abnormalities:
not specified
Fetal body weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
The body weight of the fetuses after the exposure of the test chemical was reduced as compared to the control group.
Reduction in number of live offspring:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
An increase in mortality among the progeny of the rats of group exposed to the test chemical on the 9th day of pregnancy.
Changes in sex ratio:
not specified
Changes in litter size and weights:
not specified
Changes in postnatal survival:
not specified
External malformations:
not specified
Skeletal malformations:
not specified
Visceral malformations:
not specified
Other effects:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Investigation of the functions of the organs of the young rats aged 2 months showed a change in kidney functions in the progenies of both groups of rats. The diuresis was increased in the control group as compared to the control and a decrease in the protein content in the urine of the male progeny as compared to the control was observed.
Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
Investigation of the functions of the organs of the young rats aged 2 months showed a change in kidney functions in the progenies of both groups of rats. The diuresis was increased in the control group as compared to the control and a decrease in the protein content in the urine of the male progeny as compared to the control was observed. An increase in mortality among the progeny of the rats of group exposed to the test chemical on the 9th day of pregnancy. The body weight of the fetuses after the exposure of the test chemical was reduced as compared to the control group.
Dose descriptor:
LOAEL
Effect level:
450 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
reduction in number of live offspring
fetal/pup body weight changes
changes in litter size and weights
other: effects on organs like lungs, liver and kidneys were observed.
Remarks on result:
other: Not Specified
Abnormalities:
not specified
Developmental effects observed:
not specified
Treatment related:
not specified
Conclusions:
Based on all the observations and results, it was concluded that the test chemical shows adverse effects on the test animals and the LOAEL for the test chemical was found to be 450 mg/m3.
Executive summary:

An inhalation study was performed to assess the effects of the test chemical on the reproductive and developmental toxicity on the test animals. In this study, 2 groups of 8–15 female rats were exposed to a concentration of 302 ml/m3 of the test chemical (450 mg/m3 ) for one hour. One group was exposed 12 days before and the other group 9 days after gestation. Both groups demonstrated symptoms of haemorrhagic oedema in the lungs, severe dyspnoe and cyanosis. One-third of the animals died. On the 5th day after exposure the blood (mixed) oxygen saturation was lowered in treated pregnant rats as comp[ared to the control group. An increase in the concentration of chlorides in the urine of the pregnant rats and also in the protein concentration in the urine as compared to the control group was observed. The relative weights of the organs in the experimental pregnant animals were indistinguishable from those of the controls. Injury to maternal organs, especially the endocrine glands, heart, and liver, during pregnancy was observed after exposure to the test chemical. The lungs of the dying rats were congested, with areas of edema and hemorrhage. Lung function was disturbed in the surviving females. Kidney function was disturbed in treated pregnant animals as compared to the control group. Changes in liver function were found in the pregnant animals. Fetal mortality was significantly increased in the group of rats which had been exposed during gestation. Among the progeny of dams which had been exposed 12 days prior to gestation, body weight gain was significantly reduced until the pups were 4 weeks old, while in the male progeny of dams exposed to hydrogen chloride, functional disorders of lungs, kidneys and livers were seen in both exposure groups. Thus, Based on all the observations and results, it was concluded that the test chemical shows adverse effects on the test animals and the LOAEL for the test chemical was found to be 450 mg/m3.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Reference
Endpoint:
developmental toxicity
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
secondary literature
Justification for type of information:
Data is from SIDS initial assessment profile.
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The above experiment was performed to evaluate and assess the toxicological properties of the test chemical when exposed to the test animals.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 98.0778 g/mol
- Substance type: Inorganic
- Physical state: Liquid
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data available
Species:
mouse
Strain:
CF-1
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
No Data Available
Route of administration:
inhalation
Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):
whole body
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on exposure:
The test chemical was exposed the mice by inhalation route during Gestation Day 6 to 15 for 7 hours/day.
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
not specified
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
No Data Available
Details on mating procedure:
No Data Available
Duration of treatment / exposure:
10 Days (7 hrs/day).
Frequency of treatment:
Daily
Duration of test:
No Data Available
Remarks:
0, 5, 20 mg/m3 of the test chemical.
No. of animals per sex per dose:
No Data Available
Control animals:
yes
Details on study design:
No data Available
Maternal examinations:
Mean implants/dams, resorption/litter, Live fetuses were observed.
Ovaries and uterine content:
Impantations and Resorptions were observed
Fetal examinations:
Viability of the fetuses were observed.
Statistics:
No data Available
Indices:
Implantation Index, Viability index
Historical control data:
No Data Available
Clinical signs:
not specified
Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
not specified
Mortality:
not specified
Body weight and weight changes:
not specified
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
not specified
Food efficiency:
not specified
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not specified
Ophthalmological findings:
not specified
Haematological findings:
not specified
Clinical biochemistry findings:
not specified
Urinalysis findings:
not specified
Behaviour (functional findings):
not specified
Immunological findings:
not specified
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
not specified
Gross pathological findings:
not specified
Neuropathological findings:
not specified
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
not specified
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
not specified
Other effects:
not specified
Number of abortions:
not specified
Pre- and post-implantation loss:
no effects observed
Total litter losses by resorption:
no effects observed
Early or late resorptions:
no effects observed
Dead fetuses:
no effects observed
Changes in pregnancy duration:
not specified
Changes in number of pregnant:
not specified
Other effects:
not specified
Details on maternal toxic effects:
No effects on mean numbers of implants/dam, live fetuses/litter or resorptions/litter were observed in mice.
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Effect level:
20 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect level:
dead fetuses
early or late resorptions
pre and post implantation loss
total litter losses by resorption
Remarks on result:
other: Not Specified
Abnormalities:
not specified
Fetal body weight changes:
not specified
Reduction in number of live offspring:
no effects observed
Changes in sex ratio:
not specified
Changes in litter size and weights:
not specified
Changes in postnatal survival:
not specified
External malformations:
not specified
Skeletal malformations:
not specified
Visceral malformations:
not specified
Other effects:
not specified
Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
No effects on pup viability was observed.
Dose descriptor:
NOEL
Effect level:
20 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
reduction in number of live offspring
other: Not Specified
Remarks on result:
other: Not Specified
Abnormalities:
not specified
Developmental effects observed:
not specified
Treatment related:
not specified
Conclusions:
Based on all the observations and results, it was concluded that the NOAEL for the maternal animals was 20 mg/m3 and the NOEL for the test chemical for fetal parameters was 20 mg/m3.
Executive summary:

An inhalation toxicity study was conducted on the CF-1 mice, to assess and evaluate the effects on the developmental parameters of the fetuses born to the maternal animals exposed to the test chemicals. In this study, time-mated maternal animals were exposed to the test chemical in the concentration of 0, 5, 20 mg/m3 during day 6 to 15 of gestation. The animals were exposed 7hours/day to the test chemical. In maternal parameters, mean implants/dams, resorption/litter, Live fetuses were observed. Also, viability of the fetuses were observed. After all the observations, it was seen that there was no significant effects on mean numbers of implants/dam, live fetuses/litter or resorptions/litter were observed in mice. Also, there were no difference in the viability of the pups when compared to the control group. Thus, based on all the observations and results, it was concluded that the NOAEL for the maternal animals was 20 mg/m3 and the NOEL for the test chemical for fetal parameters was 20 mg/m3.

Data source

Referenceopen allclose all

Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Disturbance of Development of the Progeny of rats exposed to the test chemical
Author:
T. E. Pavlova
Year:
1976
Bibliographic source:
Pavlova, T.E. Bull Exp Biol Med (1976) 82: 1078. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00789877
Reference Type:
review article or handbook
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2001

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The above experiment was performed to evaluate and assess the effects of the test chemical on the developmental parameters of the test chemical.
GLP compliance:
not specified

Test material

impurity 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Chlorosulphuric acid
EC Number:
232-234-6
EC Name:
Chlorosulphuric acid
Cas Number:
7790-94-5
Molecular formula:
ClHO3S
IUPAC Name:
sulfurochloridic acid
Details on test material:
Details on test material
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Chorosulfuric Acid
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): Cl-H-O3-S
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 116.5239 g/mol
- Substance type: Inorganic
- Physical state: No Data Available
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No Data Available
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 116.5239 g/mol
- Substance type: Inorganic
- Physical state: No Data Available
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No Data Available

Test animals

Species:
other: Study 2: Rat; Study 3: Mice
Strain:
other: Study 2: Wistar; Study 3: CF-1
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
Study 2: Details on test animals and env. conditions
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: No Data Available
- Age at study initiation: No Data Available
- Weight at study initiation: Female (180-200 g)
- Fasting period before study: No Data Available
- Housing:No Data Available
- Use of restrainers for preventing ingestion (if dermal): no
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): No data available
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): No data available
- Acclimation period: No data Available

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): No Data available
- Humidity (%): No Data available
- Air changes (per hr): No Data available
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): No data available

Study 3: No Data Available

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
other: Study 2 and 3: Inhalation
Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):
other: Study 3: Whole Body
Vehicle:
not specified
Details on exposure:
Study 2: The females were exposed to (inhaled) the test chemical for 1 hour to 450 mg/m3.
Study 3: The test chemical was exposed the mice by inhalation route during Gestation Day 6 to 15 for 7 hours/day.
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
not specified
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
No Data Available
Details on mating procedure:
No Data Available
Duration of treatment / exposure:
Study 2: 1 hour
Study 3: 10 Days (7 hrs/day).
Frequency of treatment:
Study 2: Once
Study 3: Daily
Duration of test:
No Data Available
Doses / concentrations
Remarks:
Study 2: 0 and 450 mg/m3 of the test chemical.
Study 3: 0, 5, 20 mg/m3 of the test chemical.
No. of animals per sex per dose:
Study 2: 8-15 animals
Study 3: No data Available
Control animals:
yes
Details on study design:
No Data Available

Examinations

Maternal examinations:
Study 2: To assess the state of the mother tests reflecting the state of the lungs ( respiration rate, blood oxygen saturation, vital staining of the lung tissue , the liver, and the kidneys (diuresis, chlorides, protein) were used and the relative weights of the organs also were determined.

Study 3: Mean implants/dams, resorption/litter, Live fetuses were observed.
Ovaries and uterine content:
Study 2: No Data Available
Study 3: Impantations and Resorptions were observed.
Fetal examinations:
Study 2: In the observations on the progeny attention was paid to the number of fetuses in the litter , the postnatal mortality, and the changes in weight until the age of 4 weeks. At the age of 2 and 3 mouths the progenies (females and males separately) were studied by various function tests. To study lung function, exposure to hypoxia was used: The respiration rate was determined in a pressure chamber at an naltitude" of 3500 m and the blood oxygen saturation was determined when the [aspired air contained 10% oxygen.] During the investigation of hepatic and renal function of the progeny the same tests were used as on the mother. The oxygen consumption, the total serum protein, and the relative weights of the organs also were determined.

Study 3: Viability of the fetuses were observed.
Statistics:
No Data Available
Indices:
Study 2: No Data Available
Study 3: Implantation Index, Viability index
Historical control data:
No Data Available

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

General toxicity (maternal animals)

Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 2: Severe signs of severe dyspnea and cyanosis was observed in all the treated animals.
Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
not specified
Mortality:
mortality observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence):
Study 2: Exposure to the test chemicaI caused death of one-third of the animals.
Body weight and weight changes:
not specified
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
not specified
Food efficiency:
not specified
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not specified
Ophthalmological findings:
not specified
Haematological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 2: On the 5th day after exposure the blood (mixed) oxygen saturation was lowered in treated pregnant rats as comp[ared to the control group.
Clinical biochemistry findings:
not specified
Urinalysis findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 2: An increase in the concentration of chlorides in the urine of the pregnant rats and also in the protein concentration in the urine as compared to the control group was observed.
Behaviour (functional findings):
not specified
Immunological findings:
not specified
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 2: The relative weights of the organs in the experimental pregnant animals were indistinguishable from those of the controls.
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 2: Injury to maternal organs, especially the endocrine glands, heart, and liver, during pregnancy was observed after exposure to the test chemical. The lungs of the dying rats were congested, with areas of edema and hemorrhage. Lung function was disturbed in the surviving females. Kidney function was disturbed in treated pregnant animals as compared to the control group. Changes in liver function were found in the pregnant animals.
Neuropathological findings:
not specified
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
not specified
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
not specified
Other effects:
not specified

Maternal developmental toxicity

Number of abortions:
not specified
Pre- and post-implantation loss:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 3: No effects were observed.
Total litter losses by resorption:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 3: No effects were observed.
Early or late resorptions:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 3: No effects were observed.
Dead fetuses:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 2: Observation on the development of the progeny showed an increase in mortality among the progeny of the rats of group exposed to the test chemical on the 9th day of pregnancy.

Study 3: Study 3: No effects were observed.
Changes in pregnancy duration:
not specified
Changes in number of pregnant:
not specified
Other effects:
not specified
Details on maternal toxic effects:
Study 2: Effects were observed in maternal animals after the exposure of the test chemical.
Study 3: No effects on mean numbers of implants/dam, live fetuses/litter or resorptions/litter were observed in mice.

Effect levels (maternal animals)

Dose descriptor:
LOAEL
Effect level:
450 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect level:
clinical signs
dead fetuses
gross pathology
haematology
mortality
organ weights and organ / body weight ratios
Remarks on result:
other: Not Specified

Maternal abnormalities

Abnormalities:
not specified

Results (fetuses)

Fetal body weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 2: The body weight of the fetuses after the exposure of the test chemical was reduced as compared to the control group.
Reduction in number of live offspring:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 2: An increase in mortality among the progeny of the rats of group exposed to the test chemical on the 9th day of pregnancy.
Study 3: No effects were observed.
Changes in sex ratio:
not specified
Changes in litter size and weights:
not specified
Changes in postnatal survival:
not specified
External malformations:
not specified
Skeletal malformations:
not specified
Visceral malformations:
not specified
Other effects:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Study 2: Investigation of the functions of the organs of the young rats aged 2 months showed a change in kidney functions in the progenies of both groups of rats. The diuresis was increased in the control group as compared to the control and a decrease in the protein content in the urine of the male progeny as compared to the control was observed.
Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
Study 2: Investigation of the functions of the organs of the young rats aged 2 months showed a change in kidney functions in the progenies of both groups of rats. The diuresis was increased in the control group as compared to the control and a decrease in the protein content in the urine of the male progeny as compared to the control was observed. An increase in mortality among the progeny of the rats of group exposed to the test chemical on the 9th day of pregnancy. The body weight of the fetuses after the exposure of the test chemical was reduced as compared to the control group.

Effect levels (fetuses)

Dose descriptor:
LOAEL
Effect level:
450 mg/m³ air
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
reduction in number of live offspring
fetal/pup body weight changes
Remarks on result:
other: Not Specified

Fetal abnormalities

Abnormalities:
not specified

Overall developmental toxicity

Developmental effects observed:
not specified
Treatment related:
not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Study 2: Based on all the observations and results, it was concluded that the test chemical shows adverse effects on the test animals and the LOAEL for the test chemical was found to be 450 mg/m3.

Study 3: Based on all the observations and results, it was concluded that the NOAEL for the maternal animals was 20 mg/m3 and the NOEL for the test chemical for fetal parameters was 20 mg/m3.
Executive summary:

Developmental Toxicity Studies:

The summaries of the developmental toxicity study are as follows:

Developmental Toxicity Study 2:

An inhalation study was performed to assess the effects of the test chemical on the reproductive and developmental toxicity on the test animals. In this study, 2 groups of 8–15 female rats were exposed to a concentration of 302 ml/m3 of the test chemical (450 mg/m3 ) for one hour. One group was exposed 12 days before and the other group 9 days after gestation. Both groups demonstrated symptoms of haemorrhagic oedema in the lungs, severe dyspnoe and cyanosis. One-third of the animals died. On the 5th day after exposure the blood (mixed) oxygen saturation was lowered in treated pregnant rats as comp[ared to the control group. An increase in the concentration of chlorides in the urine of the pregnant rats and also in the protein concentration in the urine as compared to the control group was observed. The relative weights of the organs in the experimental pregnant animals were indistinguishable from those of the controls. Injury to maternal organs, especially the endocrine glands, heart, and liver, during pregnancy was observed after exposure to the test chemical. The lungs of the dying rats were congested, with areas of edema and hemorrhage. Lung function was disturbed in the surviving females. Kidney function was disturbed in treated pregnant animals as compared to the control group. Changes in liver function were found in the pregnant animals. Fetal mortality was significantly increased in the group of rats which had been exposed during gestation. Among the progeny of dams which had been exposed 12 days prior to gestation, body weight gain was significantly reduced until the pups were 4 weeks old, while in the male progeny of dams exposed to hydrogen chloride, functional disorders of lungs, kidneys and livers were seen in both exposure groups. Thus, Based on all the observations and results, it was concluded that the test chemical shows adverse effects on the test animals and the LOAEL for the test chemical was found to be 450 mg/m3.

Developmental Toxicity Study 3:

An inhalation toxicity study was conducted on the CF-1 mice, to assess and evaluate the effects on the developmental parameters of the fetuses born to the maternal animals exposed to the test chemicals. In this study, time-mated maternal animals were exposed to the test chemical in the concentration of 0, 5, 20 mg/m3 during day 6 to 15 of gestation. The animals were exposed 7hours/day to the test chemical. In maternal parameters, mean implants/dams, resorption/litter, Live fetuses were observed. Also, viability of the fetuses were observed. After all the observations, it was seen that there was no significant effects on mean numbers of implants/dam, live fetuses/litter or resorptions/litter were observed in mice. Also, there were no difference in the viability of the pups when compared to the control group. Thus, based on all the observations and results, it was concluded that the NOAEL for the maternal animals was 20 mg/m3 and the NOEL for the test chemical for fetal parameters was 20 mg/m3.