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EC number: 401-700-2 | CAS number: 3100-36-5 CYCLOHEXADECENON; CYCLOHEXADECENONE
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2021-09-23 to 2021-11-17
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 222 (Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei))
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Food was provided on day 0 instead of day 1 due to good experience with this procedure. At test end, the soil moisture deviated by more than 10% from the initial value in all treatments. These deviations are considered to have no impact on the quality.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- GC-MS method
- Details on sampling:
- Each concentration level and the control were analysed via GC-MS at start of the exposure using the respective spiking solutions and an additional likewise spiked portion of quartz sand, each.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Acetone
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Controls: solvent control (acetone) and Artificial soil
- Chemical name of vehicle: Acetone
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: 2.5 mL per replicate
- Evaporation of vehicle before use: yes - Test organisms (species):
- Eisenia fetida
- Animal group:
- annelids
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: earthworm
- Age at test initiation: adult earthworms (with clitellum) aged 2 - 12 months
- Weight at test initiation: 0.33 to 0.55 g
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: two days prior to test start
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Health during acclimation, any mortality observed: no - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 8 wk
- Test temperature:
- 20+/-2 °C
- pH:
- day 0: 6.58-6.94;
day 55: 6.24-6.60 - Moisture:
- day 0: 22.2-26.16 % of dry weight;
day 55: 27.6-31.4 % of dry weight. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container: Test units containing about 600 g soil dry weight were round plastic boxes with an inner diameter of 15.0 cm corresponding to a bottom
surface area of 177 cm2 and a height of the containers of 14 cm. Transparent and perforated lids enabled sufficient gas exchange, light input and prevented the test substrate from drying.
- No. of organisms per container: 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 8
- No. of replicates per vehicle control: 8
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h
- Light intensity: 400 - 800 lx in the area of the test container
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
A) no obvious pathological symptoms
B) no reaction to touching
C) no negative phototactical reaction
D) spontaneous segmentation and separation
E) spasmodic winding
F) yellow excretion from the oral aperture
G) ulcer and skin bleedings
H) dead earthworms (mortality)
I) number of juveniles produced
J) body weight - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Concentrations:
9.38 – 18.75 – 37.5 – 75 – 150 – 300 mg test item/kg soil dry weight - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- CARBENDAZIM
- Key result
- Duration:
- 8 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 300 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 8 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 300 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Key result
- Duration:
- 8 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 300 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- See below
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Relevant effect levels: 1-5 mg/kg soil dw. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Adult Mortality:
-Qualitative Trend Analysis by Contrasts (Monotonicity of Concentration/Response)
-Tarone’s Test Procedure
-Step-down Rao-Scott-Cochran-Armitage Test Procedure
Biomass:
- Shapiro-Wilk’s Test on Normal Distribution
- Levene’s Test on Variance Homogeneity (with Residuals)
- Trend analysis by Contrasts (Monotonicity of Concentration/Response)
- Williams Multiple Sequential t- Test Procedure
Reproduction:
- Shapiro-Wilk’s Test on Normal Distribution
- Levene’s Test on Variance Homogeneity (with Residuals)
- Trend Analysis by Contrasts (Monotonicity of Concentration/Response)
- Dunnett’s Multiple t-test Procedure - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The NOEC (reproduction) of the test item to earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was determined to be >= 300 mg/kg soil dry weight.
- Executive summary:
The long term effect of the test item to soil macroorganisms (earthworm: Eisenia fetida) was determined according to OECD guideline 222 (2016) under GLP. The study was conducted under static conditions over 8 weeks with the test item concentrations 9.38 – 18.75 – 37.5 – 75 – 150 – 300 mg test item/kg soil dry weight (SDW). A control and a solvent control were tested under the same conditions as the test item treatments. 160 test organisms were inserted into 8 control and 8 solvent control replicates. 40 test organisms were divided into 4 replicates for each test item treatment (10 earthworms per replicate). All inserted worms had an individual body weight between 0.33 and 0.55 g at experimental starting. After 28 days of exposure in soil, neither evident earthworm mortalities (< 10 %) nor evident pathological or changes in the behaviour of adult earthworms were observed in the controls and all test item concentrations. There were no statistically significant differences in earthworm body weights at all test item concentrations compared to the control. After a further four weeks, the reproduction rate (average number of juveniles produced) was 149 in the pooled control and ranged from 93 to 161 in the test item treatment rates. A statistically significant difference in reproduction compared to the pooled control was observed in the lowest test item concentration 9.38 mg/kg SDW. However, no statistically significant differences in earthworm reproduction were determined in the test item concentrations 18.75 to 300 mg/kg SDW compared to the pooled control. According to the definition of the LOEC all test concentrations above the LOEC should normally show an effect that is statistically different from the control (OECD GD 222, 2016). Therefore, the LOEC was determined to be > 300 mg/kg SDW. Overall, the NOEC for mortality, biomass and reproduction was determined to be >= 300 mg/kg SDW.
Reference
Reproduction rate (number of Juveniles after 8 weeks):
Application rate [mg test item/kg soil dry weight] | Replicate | Number of juveniles | Mean ± SD | CV [%] | [%] of pooled control | Inhibition to pooled control* | Sig. |
| |||||||
Control | 1 | 176 | 156 ± 19.9 | 12.8 | - | - | - |
2 | 157 | ||||||
3 | 158 | ||||||
4 | 125 | ||||||
5 | 129 | ||||||
6 | 181 | ||||||
7 | 163 | ||||||
8 | 155 | ||||||
Solvent Control | 1 | 131 | 142 ± 21.5 | 15.2 | - | - | - |
2 | 140 | ||||||
3 | 131 | ||||||
4 | 190 | ||||||
5 | 128 | ||||||
6 | 154 | ||||||
7 | 134 | ||||||
8 | 125 | ||||||
Pooled Control |
| 149 ± 21.3 | 14.3 | - | - | - | |
9.38 | 1 | 109 | 93 ± 12.5 | 13.4 | 62.4 | 37.6 | Yes |
2 | 97 | ||||||
3 | 86 | ||||||
4 | 81 | ||||||
18.75 | 1 | 144 | 161 ± 27.7 | 17.2 | 108 | -8.05 | No |
2 | 161 | ||||||
3 | 139 | ||||||
4 | 200 | ||||||
37.5 | 1 | 185 | 136 ± 38.5 | 28.3 | 91.3 | 8.72 | No |
2 | 91 | ||||||
3 | 134 | ||||||
4 | 132 | ||||||
75 | 1 | 159 | 137 ± 14.8 | 10.8 | 92.0 | 8.05 | No |
2 | 132 | ||||||
3 | 129 | ||||||
4 | 128 | ||||||
150 | 1 | 158 | 148 ± 17.1 | 11.5 | 99.3 | 0.67 | No |
2 | 160 | ||||||
3 | 150 | ||||||
4 | 123 | ||||||
300 | 1 | 143 | 148 ± 17.2 | 11.6 | 99.3 | 0.67 | No |
2 | 168 | ||||||
3 | 153 | ||||||
4 | 127 |
SD = Standard deviation CV = Coefficient of variation
Sig. = Statistical Significance (Dunnett’s Multiple t-test Procedure, α = 0.05) compared to the pooled control According to the definition of the LOEC all test concentrations above the LOEC should normally show an effect that is statistically different from the control (OECD GD 222, 2016). Therefore, the LOEC was assessed to be ≥ 300 mg/kg SDW.
Description of key information
The long term effect of the test item to soil macroorganisms (earthworm: Eisenia fetida) was determined according to OECD guideline 222 (2016) under GLP. The study was conducted under static conditions over 8 weeks with the test item concentrations 9.38 – 18.75 – 37.5 – 75 – 150 – 300 mg test item/kg soil dry weight (SDW). A control and a solvent control were tested under the same conditions as the test item treatments. 160 test organisms were inserted into 8 control and 8 solvent control replicates. 40 test organisms were divided into 4 replicates for each test item treatment (10 earthworms per replicate). All inserted worms had an individual body weight between 0.33 and 0.55 g at experimental starting. After 28 days of exposure in soil, neither evident earthworm mortalities (< 10 %) nor evident pathological or changes in the behaviour of adult earthworms were observed in the controls and all test item concentrations. There were no statistically significant differences in earthworm body weights at all test item concentrations compared to the control. After a further four weeks, the reproduction rate (average number of juveniles produced) was 149 in the pooled control and ranged from 93 to 161 in the test item treatment rates. A statistically significant difference in reproduction compared to the pooled control was observed in the lowest test item concentration 9.38 mg/kg SDW. However, no statistically significant differences in earthworm reproduction were determined in the test item concentrations 18.75 to 300 mg/kg SDW compared to the pooled control. According to the definition of the LOEC all test concentrations above the LOEC should normally show an effect that is statistically different from the control (OECD GD 222, 2016). Therefore, the LOEC was determined to be > 300 mg/kg SDW. Overall, the NOEC for mortality, biomass and reproduction was determined to be >= 300 mg/kg SDW.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil macroorganisms:
- 300 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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