Fatty acids, lanolin, esters with cholesterol-low lanolin alcs.

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From 12 June 2001 to 14 June 2001

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of the relevant results.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

24-25th March 1997

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations:
Limit concentration: 1 : 1 = 0.13 mg DOC I L

- Sampling method: Not reported
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Not reported

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
The solution (1000 mg/L test item was weighed out) was prepared with dilution water one day prior to application and filtered (0.45 µm, single use)
Dispersion treatment: 24 h horizontal shaking

Control:
Dilution water without test item tested under same conditions as the test group.

Solubility of the test item:
The test item was clearly dissolved at the limit concentration.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name:
Water Flea

- Source:
Origin: Institut fOr Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene des Bundesgesundheitsamtes, Corrensplatz, 14195 Berlin, FRG.
Breeder: DR.U.NoACK-LASORATORIUM, 31157 Sarstedt, FRG

- Age at study initiation:
Less than 24 h old

- Feeding during test:
Received no food during exposure

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period:
2 h


- Acclimation conditions:
2 h in dilution water


- Type and amount of food:
5 x weekly ad libitum with a mix of Scenedesmus subspicatus and ChIarella vulgaris, with an algae cell density of > 10E6 cells/mL.

- Health during acclimation:
No mortality observed

QUARANTINE (wild caught)

- Duration:
Not applicable

- Health/mortality:
Not applicable

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

Not applicable

Hardness:

Total hardness: 263 mg CaCO3/L.

Test temperature:

20 ± 2 °C constant
Measured using Hygro-thermograph (LUFFT).

pH:

7.64 - 7.82
The pH was measured using a pH-Meter 537 (WTW)

Dissolved oxygen:

8.06 mg/l - 8.61 mg/l
The dissolved oxygen concentration was measured using an Oximeter, Oxi 530 (WTW)

Salinity:

freshwater used.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Limit Concentration: 0.13 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
The definitive study was performed as limit test with the saturated solution as specified above under static conditions to enable the determination of immobilization after 24 and 48 hours.

- Test vessel:
Glass beakers (5 cm 10 x 8 cm H), 50 mL volume were used

- Type (delete if not applicable):
closed

- Material, size, headspace, fill volume:
20 mL

- Number of study organisms per concentration and control:
20 animals, divided into 4 parallel samples, each with 5 animals

-Number of animals per test vessel: 5

- Number of parallel samples per concentration: 4


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH:
Not reported

- Photoperiod:
16/8 h ligh/dark cycle

- Light intensity:
Diffuse light, illumination strength max. 20 µmol.m-2 . S·1 (corresponding to 1200 Ix)

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

other: Limit concentration

Effect conc.:

0.13 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: immobilisation

Remarks on result:

other: Not reported

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: Not recorded
- Other biological observations: None recorded

- Immobilisation of control:
The percentage immobility was determined in the tested limit concentration and the control after 24 hand 48 h. The immobilisation rates in % after 24 hand 48 h of exposure are given in Table 1.

There is no biologically significant effect neither in the tested limit concentration nor in control group.


- Other adverse effects control: No other effects observed.

- Abnormal responses: None recorded

- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values:
The test item was clearly dissolved at the limit concentration.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid?
Yes

- Mortality:
No mortalities recorded.

- EC50/LC50:

The percentage immobility for the reference item was determined after 24 h. The EC100 value was determined directly from the test results. The EC10 and EC50 with 95 % confidence interval (CI) were determined by probit analysis according to standard procedures.

EC- values after 24 h of the reference item in mg/L were as follows:

EC10 : 1.2
EC50 : 1.9 (CI 1.7-2.1)
EC100 : 5.8


The ECso - value of reference item potassium dichromate after 24 h is within the prescribed concentration range of 1.0 - 2.5 mg/L of validity criteria according to AQS: DIN Guideline 38412 L 30.
- Other:
None.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

An estimate of the EC50 value at 3 hours was given by inspection of the immobilisation data.
The EC50 value and associated confidence limits at 24 hours were calculated by the trimmed Spearman-Karber method (Hamilton et al 1977) and the EC50 value and associated confidence limits at 48 hours and the slope of the response curve and its standard error were calculated by the maximum-likelihood probit method (Finney 1971) using the ToxCalc computer software package (Toxcalc 1999).
Probit analysis is used when two or more partial responses to exposure are shown.
When only one partial response is shown the trimmed Spearman-Karber method is appropriate.

Table 1. Percentage number of daphnids incapable of swimming after 24 and 48 h of exposure (n = 20)

IMMOBILISATION [%]
Limit Conc. [mgDOC/L]	24 h					48 h
	Replicates					Replicates
	1	2	3	4	MV	1	2	3	4	MV
0.13 Control	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

MV = Mean value

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

In the tested limit concentration (0.13 mg DOC/L) there is no biologically significant effect neither in the tested limit concentration nor in control group.

Executive summary:

In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS) the effect of the saturated solution as limit concentration (0.13 mg DOC / L) of the test item Lanolin alcohol (Wollwachsalkohol/Lanolinalkohol).

Batch number Eucerit 6480, was determined according to OECD Guideline 202 I/EEC Directive 92/69/EEC Method C.2. The limit test was conducted from 12 -06 -2001 to 14 -06 -2001 at DR.U.NOACK-LABORATORIUM FOR ANGEWANDTE BIOLOGIE D-31157 Sarstedt.

The test item was clearly dissolved at the limit concentration.

The study was conducted under static conditions over a duration of 48 hours. 20 test organisms were exposed to the limit test concentration and control.

Table 1. Percentage number of daphnids incapable of swimming after 24 and 48 h of exposure (n = 20)

IMMOBILISATION [%]
Limit Conc. [mgDOC/L]	24 h					48 h
	Replicates					Replicates
	1	2	3	4	MV	1	2	3	4	MV
0.13 Control	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

MV = Mean value

A reference test is carried out once per month with potassium dichromate as reference item and the reference toxicity determined. The ECso -value of the reference item at 1.9 mg/l after 24 h was within the prescribed concentration range of 1.0 to 2.5 mg/l according to AQS, DIN Guideline 38412 l 30.

Water quality parameters of pH-value and dissolved oxygen concentration measured at 0 and 48 h were determined to be within the acceptable limits.

The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.

In the tested limit concentration (0.13 mg DOC/L) no biologically significant effect was determined.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Between 16 March 2010 and 26 March 2010.

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted in compliance with agreed protocols, with no or minor deviations from standard test guidelines and/or minor methodological deficiencies, which do not affect the quality of relevant results.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Date of inspection: 15th September 2009. Date of signature: 26th November 2009

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: Loading rate of 100 mg/l in definitive test

- Sampling method: Analysis of the WAF was carried out by Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis. Water samples were taken from the control (replicates R1 – R4 pooled) and the 100 mg/l loading rate WAF test group (replicates R1 - R2 and R3 - R4 pooled) at 0 and 48 hours.

- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Duplicate samples were taken and stored at approximately -20°C for further analysis if necessary.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
Pre-study work was carried out to determine whether stirring for a prolonged period produced significantly higher levels of total organic carbon, as an indicator of soluble organic materials, in the WAF. A WAF of a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/l was prepared in duplicate in deionised reverse osmosis water and stirred using a stirring rate such that a vortex was formed to give a slight dimple at the water surface. One loading rate was stirred for a period of 23 hours and the other for a period of 95 hours. After a 1-Hour standing period the mixtures were then removed by siphon and samples taken for Total Organic Carbon analysis.

It is evident from this work that increasing the stirring period did not significantly increase the amount of carbon in the WAF and so preparation of the WAF was maintained at 24 hours.

Range-finding test
Amounts of test item (5.0, 50 and 500 mg) were separately added to the surface of 5 litres of reconstituted water to give the 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l loading rates respectively. After the addition of the test item, the reconstituted water was stirred by magnetic stirrer using a stirring rate such that a vortex was formed to give a dimple at the water surface. The stirring was stopped after 23 hours and the mixtures allowed to stand for 1 hour. Microscopic observations made on the WAFs indicated that a significant amount of dispersed test item was present in the water column and hence it was considered justifiable to remove the WAFs by filtering through a glass wool plug (2-4 cm in length). A wide bore glass tube, covered at one end with Nescofilm was submerged into the vessel, sealed end down, to a depth of approximately 5 cm from the bottom of the vessel. A length of Tygon tubing was inserted into the glass tube and pushed through the Nescofilm seal. A glass wool plug was inserted into the opposite end of the tubing and the WAF removed by mid-depth siphoning (the first approximate 75-100 ml discarded) to give the 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l loading rate WAFs. Microscopic observations of the WAFs were performed after filtering and showed no undissolved test item to be present.

Definitive test
Based on the results of the range-finding test a "Limit test" was conducted at a single loading rate of 100 mg/l to confirm that no immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were observed.

Experimental preparation
Due to the low aqueous solubility and complex nature of the test item for the purposes of the definitive test the test item was prepared as a Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF).
An amount of test item (500 mg) was added to the surface of 5 litres of reconstituted water to give the 100 mg/l loading rate. After the addition of the test item, the reconstituted water was stirred by magnetic stirrer using a stirring rate such that a vortex was formed to give a dimple at the water surface. The stirring was stopped after 23 hours and the mixture allowed to stand for 1 hour. Microscopic observations made on the WAF indicated that a significant amount of dispersed test item was present in the water column and hence it was considered justifiable to remove the WAF by filtering through a glass wool plug (2-4 cm in length). A wide bore glass tube, covered at one end with Nescofilm was submerged into the vessel, sealed end down, to a depth of approximately 5 cm from the bottom of the vessel. A length of Tygon tubing was inserted into the glass tube and pushed through the Nescofilm seal. A glass wool plug was inserted into the opposite end of the tubing and the WAF removed by mid-depth siphoning (the first approximate 75-100 ml discarded) to give the 100 mg/l loading rate WAF. Microscopic observations of the WAF were performed after filtering and showed no micro-dispersions to be present.
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis was performed on the test preparations at 0 and 48 hours

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain: not applicable
- Source: In-house laboratory culture
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): !st instar
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): not determined
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): not determined
- Valve height at study initiation, for shell deposition study (mean and range, SD): not applicable
- Peripheral shell growth removed prior to test initiation: not applicable
- Method of breeding: Parthenogenesis
- Feeding during test: not fed during exposure period

ACCLIMATION
- Not applicable

QUARANTINE (wild caught)
- Not applicable

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

Not applicable

Hardness:

The reconstituted water had an approximate theoretical total hardness of 250 mg/l as CaCO3.

Test temperature:

Recorded daily throughout the test using a Hanna Instruments HI 93510 digital thermometer.

Temperature maintained at 21°C to 22°C throughout the test.

Some of the temperatures were observed to be slightly in excess of the range given in the study plan of 20 ± 1°C. This deviation was considered not to have affected the outcome or the validity of the test as no adverse effects of exposure were observed throughout the duration of the test and that the temperature range was within guideline specification.

pH:

Recorded at start and termination of the test using a WTW pH/Oxi 340I pH and dissolved oxygen meter.

Range: 7.5 to 8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

Recorded at start and termination of the test using a WTW pH/Oxi 340I pH and dissolved oxygen meter.

The oxygen concentration in some of the test vessels at was observed to have an air saturation value (ASV) in excess of 100%. This was considered to be due to the presence of microscopic air bubbles in the media super-saturating the diluent and was considered not to have had an impact on the outcome or integrity of the test as no adverse effects were observed.

Salinity:

Not applicable, as freshwater study.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Range-finder: 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l

Definitive test: Nominal loading rate of 100 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:250 ml glass jars
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 ml glass jars containing approximately 250 ml of test preparation
- Aeration: not aerated
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): not applicable
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): The test preparations were not renewed during the exposure period
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5 Daphnids
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not applicable
- Biomass loading rate: not stated in report

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
Stock Solutions
a) CaCl2.2H2O 11.76 g/l
b) MgSO4.7H2O 4.93 g/l
c) NaHCO3 2.59 g/l
d) KCl 0.23 g/l

Preparation
An aliquot (25 ml) of each of solutions a-d was added to each litre (final volume) of deionised water with a conductivity of <5 µS cm-1. The reconstituted water had a pH of 7.8 ± 0.2 adjusted (if necessary) with NaOH or HCl and was aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration was approximately air-saturation value.


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: not required
- Photoperiod: photoperiod of 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods.
- Light intensity: not stated in report

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Any immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were recorded at 24 and 48 hours after the start of exposure. The criterion of effect used was that Daphnia were considered to be immobilised if they were unable to swim for approximately 15 seconds after gentle agitation.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: not applicable, as definitive test was a limit test
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: Based on the results of the range-finding test a "Limit test" was conducted at a single loading rate of 100 mg/l to confirm that no immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were observed.

- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l loading rate
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: A single immobilised daphnid was observed at a test concentration of 1.0 mg/l after 24 hours exposure. This was considered to be due to natural causes rather than a toxic effect given that no other immobilisation was observed.
Based on this information, a single loading rate of four replicates, of 100 mg/l, using a stirring period of 23 hours followed by a 1-Hour standing period, was selected for the definitive test. This experimental design conforms to a "Limit test" to confirm that no immobilisation or adverse reactions to exposure were observed.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: nominal loading rate WAF

Basis for effect:

other: immbolisation

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: nominal loading rate WAF

Basis for effect:

other: immobilisation

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: None observed

- Observations on body length and weight: Not observed

- Other biological observations: Immobilisation only observed.

- Mortality of control: immobilisation only observed. Mortality not assessed.

- Other adverse effects control: none stated in report

- Abnormal responses: none stated in report

- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: Not applicable as WAFs used, so measured values not available

- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? Yes.

- Mortality: Not applicable

- EC50/LC50: The No Observed Effect Concentrations after 24 and 48 hours was 0.32 mg/l. The No Observed Effect Concentration is based upon zero immobilisation at this concentration.
The slope and its standard error of the response curve at 24 hours was 7.7 (SE = 1.6). Due to the unsuitable nature of the data it was not possible to calculate the slope and error of response curve at 48 hours.
The results from the positive control with potassium dichromate were within the normal range for this reference item. The mean 48-Hour EC50 value calculated from all positive controls was 0.77 mg/l (sd = 0.20).

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Analysis of the mortality data was by the probit method (Finney 1971) at 24 hours and the trimmed Spearman-Karber method (Hamilton et al 1977) at 48 hours using the ToxCalc computer software package (ToxCalc 1999).
Probit analysis is used when two or more partial responses to exposure are shown.

Validation of Mixing Period

Pre-study work indicated that there was no significant increase in the amount of total organic carbon by extending the preparation period for longer than 24 hours. As such, for the purposes of testing, the WAF was prepared using a stirring period of 23 hours followed by a 1 -Hour standing period.

Range-finding Test

Cumulative immobilisation data from the exposure of Daphnia magna to the test item during the range-finding test are given inTable1.

No significant immobilisation was observed at the 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l loading rate WAFs.

Immobilisation data

Cumulative immobilisation data from the exposure of Daphnia magna to the test item during the definitive test are given in Table 2.

There was no immobilisation in 20 daphnids exposed to a 100 mg/l loading rate WAF for a period of 48 hours. Inspection of the immobilisation data gave the following results:

Time (h)	EL*50(mg/l)
24	>100
48	>100

The No Observed Effect Loading rate after 24 and 48 hours exposure was 100 mg/l loading rate WAF. The No Observed Effect Loading rate is based upon zero immobilisation at this loading rate.

It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at loading rates in excess of 100 mg/l.

*EL = Effective Loading rate

 Vortex depth measurements

The vortex depth was recorded at the start and end of the mixing period and was observed to be a dimple at the water surface on each occasion.

Observations on test item solubility

Observations on the test media were carried out during the mixing and testing of the WAFs.

At the start of the mixing period the 100 mg/l loading rate was observed to be a clear, colourless water column, with test item floating on the surface. After 23 hours stirring and a 1-Hour standing period the 100 mg/l loading rate was observed to remain a clear, colourless water column with test item floating on the surface. Microscopic examination of the WAF showed micro-dispersions of test item to be present and therefore it was considered appropriate to remove the WAF by filtering through a glass wool plug (2-4 cm in length). Microscopic examination after filtering showed the glass wool plug had removed all the micro-dispersions of the test item. During the test the 100 mg/l loading rate was observed to be a clear, colourless solution.

Total organic carbon analysis

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis of the test preparations was conducted at 0 and 48 hours. Given the background level of carbon in the control vessels and also the low level of carbon in the test vessels, it was considered that the results gave no evidence of the presence of test item in the WAF.

Given that toxicity cannot be attributed to a single component or mixture of components but to the test item as a whole and the dissolved test item was below the quantifiable limit of the analytical method, the results were based on nominal loading rates only.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 48-Hour EL*50 for the test item to Daphnia magna based on nominal loading rates was greater than 100 mg/l loading rate WAF and correspondingly the No Observed Effect Loading rate was 100 mg/l loading rate WAF.

Executive summary:

Introduction.A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna.  The method followed that described in the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (April 2004) No 202, "Daphnia sp, Acute Immobilisation Test" referenced as Method C.2 of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008.

Methods. Following a preliminary range-finding test, twenty daphnids (4 replicates of 5 animals) were exposed to a Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) of the test item, at a single nominal loading rate of 100 mg/l for 48 hours at a temperature of 21°C to 22°C under static test conditions. Immobilisation and any adverse reactions to exposure were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.

A positive control conducted approximately every six months used potassium dichromate as the reference item. Daphnia magnawas exposed to an aqueous solution of the reference item at concentrations of 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 mg/l for 48 hours at a temperature of approximately 20°C under static test conditions. Immobilisation and any adverse reactions to exposure were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.

Results. The 48-Hour EL*₅₀for the test item to Daphnia magna based on nominal loading rates was greater than 100 mg/l loading rate WAF and correspondingly the No Observed Effect Loading rate was 100 mg/l loading rate WAF.

It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at loading rates in excess of 100 mg/l.

Samples of the control and 100 mg/l loading rate WAFs were taken at 0 (fresh media) and 48 hours (old media) for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis. Given the background level of carbon in the control vessels and also the low level of carbon in the test vessels, it was considered that the results gave no evidence of the presence of test item in the WAF.

Therefore, given that the toxicity cannot be attributed to a single component or a mixture of components but to the test item as a whole, and the dissolved test item was below the quantifiable limit of the analytical method, the results were based on nominal loading rates only.

The 48-Hour EC₅₀for the reference item (potassium dichromate) to Daphnia magna based on nominal concentrations was 0.65 mg/l with 95% confidence limits of 0.58 – 0.72 mg/l. The No Observed Effect Concentration was 0.32 mg/l.

*EL = Effective Loading rate

Description of key information

In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS) according to OECD 201 the effect of the saturated solution of Lanolin alcohol as limit concentration (0.13 mg DOC / L formulated based on a filtered stock solution at 1000 mg/L) was assessed during 48 hours. No biologically significant effects neither in the tested limit concentration nor in control group were found (Martina 2001).

A study according to OECD 201 was performed to assess the acute toxicity of Lanolin fatty acids to Daphnia magna.  Exposure during 48 hours to a WAF of 100 mg/L loading rate did not lead to any signs of toxicity. No Observed Effect Loading rate was 100 mg/l loading rate WAF (Priestly 2010).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

100 mg/L

Additional information

The ester of lanolin alcohols and fatty acids is expected to be hydrolysed enzymatically and has been shown to hydrolyse abiotically. Therefore the toxicity of the hydrolysis products lanolin alcohols and lanolin fatty esters is considered representative for the toxicity of the substance.

The available Chironomid study on the structural analogue Fatty acids, C10-30, esters with lanolin alcs. with an EC50 of 15.6 mg/L is considered invalid due to high immobilisation in the solvent control and insufficient validation of the analytical method (Chemex 2018).