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EC number: 200-023-8 | CAS number: 50-28-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- fish short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 210 (Fish, Early-Life Stage Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Early life-stage test with exposed fathead minnow covering the period of embryonic and larval development until day 29 post hatch.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 33 d
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- 4 days until hatch and then additionally 29 days post hatching
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 560 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- number hatched
- Duration:
- 29 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 560 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 29 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 270 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 29 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 300 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Duration:
- 4 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 290 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- number hatched
- Duration:
- 29 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 530 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 29 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 160 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 29 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 83 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Lowest EC10:: 83 ng/l based on larval weight.
- Executive summary:
Starting with 24h old eggs, the embryos, larvae and juvenile fish were exposed continuously to estradiol over 29 days post hatch. Hatching success, mortality and growth was evaluated as prime endpoints.
Results: Hatching EC10 = 290 ng/L , larval (28 days post hatch) survival EC10 = 530 ng/L, larval length increase EC10 = 160 ng/L, larval weight increase 83 ng/L;
Hatching was reduced at the two highest concentrations (170 and 560 ng/l), while survival was reduced at the highest concentration. Length and weight were reduced at the two highest concentrations. At test termination several fish were deformed morphologically starting at 170 ng/l.
- Endpoint:
- fish life cycle toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 72-5 (Fish Life Cycle Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Partial life-cycle test, where adult fish are exposed over a period of 46 days, and egg laying and hatching of the filial-generation is covered.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 46 d
- Duration:
- 46 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 26 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: eggs/female
- Duration:
- 46 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 49 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- number of spawns
- Duration:
- 46 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 28 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- number of eggs/spawn
- Duration:
- 46 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 84 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- time to hatch
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Estradiol influences the fecundity of female fish. The most sensitive endpoint was the number off eggs/spawn: EC10 = 26 ng/l
- Executive summary:
Adult fathead minnow were exposed to estradiol over a period of 46 days. Fecundity was the main endpoint studied.
Reproductive success (eggs/female) was reduced at highest concentration (180 ng/l) and spawn/female from second highest concentration. At termination edema and pale, thin blood was observed at 99 and 180 ng/l. Males developed at 180 ng/l no secondary sexual characteristics.
- Endpoint:
- fish early-life stage toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Previously exposed fathead minnow covering the period of embryonic and larval development until day 29 post hatch are used for this test. Animals are exposed up to day 92 post hatch, covering juvenile development until just before maturation.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 63 d
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- until day 92 post hatch
- Duration:
- 92 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 570 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 92 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 570 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 92 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 24 - <= 2 300 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 570 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 270 - <= 440 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- >= 110 - <= 250 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 200 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 59 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 8 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Duration:
- 92 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 140 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 92 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 48 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- length
- Duration:
- 92 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 27 ng/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- weight
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Most sensitive effect: Juvenile weight increase (day 56) EC 10 = 8 ng/L
- Executive summary:
A chronic study in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) was conducted. Starting with 24h old eggs, the embryos, larvae and juvenile fish were exposed continuously to estradiol over 92 days post hatch. Mortality, growth and sexual differentiations was evaluated.
Results:
92 days post hatch: juvenile survival EC10 = 140 ng/L,
juvenile length increase EC10 = 48 ng/L,
juvenile weight increase EC 10 = 27 mg/L,
56 days post hatch: juvenile weight increase was 8 ng/L.
Sexual differentiation was impaire from a concentration of 60 ngL onwards with an increase in morphological females or immature fish.
Referenceopen allclose all
Hatching EC10 = 290 ng/L ,
larval (28 days post hatch) survival EC10 = 530 ng/L,
larval length increase EC10 = 160 ng/L,
larval weight increase EC10 = 83 ng/L;
Hatching was reduced at the two highest concentrations (170 and 560 ng/l), while survival was reduced at the highest concentration. Length and weight were reduced at the two highest concentration. At test termination several fish were deformed morphologically starting at 170 ng/l.
Survival of male fish at the two highest concentration (99 and 180 ng/l) was reduced to 33 -50%.
Reproductive success (eggs/female) was reduced at highest concentration (180 ng/l) and spawn/female from second highest concentration onwards. The most sensitive endpoint was the number off eggs/spawn: EC10 = 26 ng/l.
At termination edema and pale, thin blood was observed at 99 and 180 ng/l. Males developed at 180 ng/l no secondary sexual characteristics.
Vitellogenin induction in adult male fish was observed at higher estradiol concentration.
Survival was reduced at the highest concentration (570 ng/l) for both time points. Length and weight increase was reduced starting at the second highest concentration (160 ng/l) at day 56 and 92. Several fish were deformed morphologically stating at 160 ng/l. Cranial deformities appeared to 86% of the fish at 570 ng/L. Reduction of male or immature fish were found starting at 60 ng/l and higher.
Description of key information
A chronic study in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) was conducted. Starting with 24h old eggs, the embryos, larvae and juvenile fish were exposed continuously to estradiol over 92 days post hatch. Hatching success, mortality, growth and sexual differentiations was evaluated as prime
endpoints.
Additionally, adult fathead minnow were exposed to estradiol over a period of 46 days. Fecundity was the main endpoint studied.
Results: Hatching EC10 = 290 ng/L , larval (28 days post hatch) survival EC10 = 530 ng/L, larval length increase EC10 = 160 ng/L,
larval weight increase 83 ng/L; juvenile (92 days post hatch) survival EC10 = 140 ng/L, juvenile length increase EC10 = 48 ng/L, juvenile weight increase EC 10 = 27 ng/L, juvenile (56 days post hatch) weight increase was 8 ng/L. Sexual differentiation was impaire
from a concentration of 60 ngL onwards with an increase in morphological females or immature fish.
Adult reproduction fecundity EC10 =26 ng/L
In a life-cycle study of medaka reported by Seki et al. (2005), the histologically confirmed sex ratio at 60 days post hatch was significantly changed at E2 concentrations ¿ 28 ng/L. No male fish were observed at E2 concentrations of 92 ng/L. Oocytes in the testes (testis-ova) were occasionally
seen at an E2 concentration of 9 ng/L.
Metcalf et al. (2001) observed a concentration-dependent increase of the incidence and the intensity of testis-ova in medaka at E2 concentrations ¿ 10 ng/L after 100 days exposure.
The effects in fish after long-term exposure with estradiol at concentrations below 0.1 µg/L justify the classification as very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect concentration:
- 10 ng/L
Additional information
The study was performed according to GLP (report B945).
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